Every book has people (other than its authors) without whom it would not have been written. We would like to thank everyone that inspired us to take up this challenge, gave us a helping hand during the hard times we had while writing, showed us the new ways of dealing with problems and opened our eyes to new possibilities. Particularly we would like to express our gratitude to Statistics Poland for being an everlasting source of motivation. In short, we would like to thank everyone that has made this book happen.
As we live in this beautiful world, we would never publish without having high-profile backers. Piotr Wachowiak - Rector of the Warsaw School of Economics, supported our project both financially and organisationally.
The whole new part we dedicate to our reviewers. Their profound observations, helpful suggestions and problem-solving tips based on their experience enabled us to significantly improve both the technical side and clarity of this book. Nevertheless, there were others that provided us professional, though unofficial, remarks that made a huge impact - we would like to thank Michal Benčik from the National Bank of Slovakia for his detail focus that enabled him to find logical scratches even inside the codes, Ali Polat from Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University in Turkey for pointing out that the content may be useful, Maciej Szulc for a completely new perspective on what's easy and what's not, Andrzej Torój from SGH for pointing out possible directions, Marek Gruszczyński from SGH as the one man we never met but learned so much from through his econometric textbooks and Anna Szelągowska along with other participants of the Auditing, Accounting, Banking 2019 conference for suggestions and comments. As well as all of the academic staff, we received help from the business sector. Aleksander Kacprzyk and Anna Woźniak provided the project with great strategy comments, Tomasz Śmigielski, gave us his agreement to use the tool he developed for fractal creation while Da niel Olkowski, head of our lovely Computer Science Research Group, is to be thanked especially for our algorithmic education and showing us the connections between the school and business. The early version of the manuscript was circulated to a few interested teachers whose subjects we touched. Thus, prior versions of this book substantially benefited from Beata Danielak, Jolanta Drogoń, Magdalena Gradek, Wojciech Martys, Marek Pawłowski, Monika Sadowska, Katarzyna Szypuła, Joanna Śmigielska and Beata Wanago - we are grateful for your knowledge and support.
We also received institutional support both from our schools and other institutions. We would like to thank authorities of XIV Stanisław Staszic's High School, Regina Lewkowicz, Agnieszka Potocka and se cretary staff the same as headmaster of XCIV gen. Stanisław Maczek's High School, Anna Pawłowska for time and copyright management. Credit shall also be given to Staszic's pedagogues, Agnieszka TokarskaSerwa, Jolanta Dacko and Julia Schmidt, and the parents' council. We shall also bring up here our unofficial coaches - staff, librarians and trainers in the Palace of Youth in Warsaw. Moreover, we would like to underline the role of Staszic's librarians: Dorota Nosowska and Jan Pachulski and give them special credit for being with us the whole time and listening to our never-ending philosophical reflections. The other group we would like to thank are our friends who bravely beta tested our work, especially Marek Morawski. The sacrifices of the 3D class also shall be noticed, as a few of them were preparing for a math test from this book. We also shall mention Michał Motyl, for the project which notably influenced Chapter 1, so Data Visualisation.
As for individual acknowledgements: Mikołaj would like to thank Sylwester Błaszczuk, who made his love for probability grow stronger and taught him to present complex problems simply. He greatly appreciates Edward Stachowski and Jerzy Konarski for the effort of putting his knowledge in this area together at school and Mateusz Rapicki for the joyous substantive support while writing the book. Igor K. would like to thank Bartłomiej Wilczyński for providing him with rock-solid language foundations, ease of expression and support. Igor S. would like to thank the teachers and pupils at Elementary School no. 221 along with Anastasiya Derkachova for opening the math games. Richard would like to mention here the support he acquired from aunts Mola, Kasia, Beata and both Natalies as well as his grandfathers. He would also like to express his gratefulness towards his geography teachers - Marek and Piotr Dąbrowski. They had along with his secondary school math teacher, Agnieszka Potocka, taught him that the mastery is not complicating simple things, but simplifying the complicated ones. Both Richard and Igor S. express their gratitude to Elżbieta Lont and Elżbieta Trendak for laying down the fundamentals. Finally, Małgorzata would like to express her gratitude to her math teacher
Last, but not least, we need to give special credit to our publisher - it must have been really hard for staff that usually work with scientists to babysit a bunch of teenagers. Thus, we would like to mainly thank Ewa Łukasiewicz, our invaluable editor, for her exceptional organisation skills and perfectionism. For their professional approach and patience, we would like to mention here also this book's graphic editors, Aleksandra Musiał and Lilianna Kaleta. Chapters 3 and 8 be nefited greatly from Ewa Spirydowicz's linguistic corrections. Irrespective of all the support and comments we have received, all potential uncorrected errors in the text remain our responsibility.
Authors
[[[separator]]]
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Why you should read this book?
Why Teens4teens?
How are you going to learn?
Chapters Comprehension
Chapter 1: The data visualisation
Chapter 2: Measures of location and central tendency
Chapter 3: Measures of dispersion
Chapter 4: Probability
Chapter 5: Tricky tools in probability
Chapter 6: Probability distributions
Chapter 7: Sample
Chapter 8: Regression & Correlation
Basic knowledge
The statistics
Useful symbols & formulas
Types of data - qualitative and quantitative
What is the population?
Population vs samples
How to create an unbiased sample?
The data visualisation
Introduction
SMITHY! What's going on in my company?!
Tables
Graphs/Charts
Pie chart
Bar Chart
Scatter plot
Line graph
Igor survived!
Igor is the boss!
Summarise
Quiz
Exercises
Measures of location and central tendency
Measures of location and central tendency
Introduction
Before we begin
Arithmetic mean (average)
Weighted arithmetic mean
Geometric mean (average)
Harmonic mean
RMS - Root mean square
Relations between the averages
Median
Mode
Quantiles
Percentiles in grouped data
Different results (mock GPA comparison)
Use cases
Recapitulation
Quiz
Exercises
Measures of dispersion
Measures of dispersion
Introduction
Minimum & Maximum
Range
Making money is hard
Now what
Why Variance won't let us down as the mean has?
Then what can we do?
But what is the point of counting it if it's squared?
Few words about Variance
Let's take a closer look at its use when finding a good machine for producing nails
The results of those long calculations
But all those numbers still don't give us any real information, do they?
Is there anything we can do about it?
What we have just discovered is a standard deviation
Remember!
"Challenge Accepted" ~ RTD BX3 "Naily"
Looking for a shortcut
What does it mean for the director?
The completely new challenge
There is no space!
This is the magic of the variance!
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Probability
Probability
Introduction
Sets and Venn diagrams
Permutations, k-permutations and k-tuples
Combinations and the binomial coefficient
Definition & characteristics of probability
Stochastic trees
Interesting fact - almost impossible events
Conditional probability
Total probability
Bayes' theorem
Are our experiments independent?
What model to use? - examples in problems
Let's put it all together
Quiz
Exercises
Tricky tools in probability
Tricky tools in probability
Introduction
Bernoulli trials
Expected value
Linear transition of expected value
Adding random variables
Welcome back, variance!
Variance also can make transitions
Calculating variance and standard deviation - C++ will do it for us!
*Why does probability work? - law of large numbers
Final Bonus: the code of our simulation
And that's all it takes
Quiz
Exercises
Probability distributions
Probability distributions
Introduction
Binomial distribution
How to make the calculations more humane - binomial distribution approximations
Be cautious - the binomial distribution has no memory!
Geometrie distribution
Poisson distribution
More about the "magie e"
Let's finish our example
The parameters - A will tell you everything!
Continuous distributions and the probability density function (PDF)
Uniform distribution - a brief extension
Cumulative distribution function (CDF)
Let's welcome the normal distribution!
Expected value and variance - you decide
Standardising the normal distribution
Normal distribution in normal life
When not to use the normal distribution?
That's all the stuff!
Quiz
Exercises
Sample
Sample
Introduction
The origins
Population variance & sample variance
Standard deviation
Standardisation
Standard error
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Regression & Correlation
Regression & Correlation
Introduction
Houston, we have a problem!
Data visualisation
The line of best fit
Let's finally use the formulas!
But what about accuracy?
Correlation
So, what is the final solution to the squirrel problem?
The squirrels return!
Your honour, I've got an objection!
(Few words of explanation)
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Quiz Solutions
Literature
Simple introduction to C++
Basic knowledge
Variable types
Common input and output methods
Conditions
Arrays and vectors: similarities and differences
Loops
Functions
Standard Template Library (STL) functions
Algorithms
Who are those guys?
Opis
Wstęp
Every book has people (other than its authors) without whom it would not have been written. We would like to thank everyone that inspired us to take up this challenge, gave us a helping hand during the hard times we had while writing, showed us the new ways of dealing with problems and opened our eyes to new possibilities. Particularly we would like to express our gratitude to Statistics Poland for being an everlasting source of motivation. In short, we would like to thank everyone that has made this book happen.
As we live in this beautiful world, we would never publish without having high-profile backers. Piotr Wachowiak - Rector of the Warsaw School of Economics, supported our project both financially and organisationally.
The whole new part we dedicate to our reviewers. Their profound observations, helpful suggestions and problem-solving tips based on their experience enabled us to significantly improve both the technical side and clarity of this book. Nevertheless, there were others that provided us professional, though unofficial, remarks that made a huge impact - we would like to thank Michal Benčik from the National Bank of Slovakia for his detail focus that enabled him to find logical scratches even inside the codes, Ali Polat from Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University in Turkey for pointing out that the content may be useful, Maciej Szulc for a completely new perspective on what's easy and what's not, Andrzej Torój from SGH for pointing out possible directions, Marek Gruszczyński from SGH as the one man we never met but learned so much from through his econometric textbooks and Anna Szelągowska along with other participants of the Auditing, Accounting, Banking 2019 conference for suggestions and comments. As well as all of the academic staff, we received help from the business sector. Aleksander Kacprzyk and Anna Woźniak provided the project with great strategy comments, Tomasz Śmigielski, gave us his agreement to use the tool he developed for fractal creation while Da niel Olkowski, head of our lovely Computer Science Research Group, is to be thanked especially for our algorithmic education and showing us the connections between the school and business. The early version of the manuscript was circulated to a few interested teachers whose subjects we touched. Thus, prior versions of this book substantially benefited from Beata Danielak, Jolanta Drogoń, Magdalena Gradek, Wojciech Martys, Marek Pawłowski, Monika Sadowska, Katarzyna Szypuła, Joanna Śmigielska and Beata Wanago - we are grateful for your knowledge and support.
We also received institutional support both from our schools and other institutions. We would like to thank authorities of XIV Stanisław Staszic's High School, Regina Lewkowicz, Agnieszka Potocka and se cretary staff the same as headmaster of XCIV gen. Stanisław Maczek's High School, Anna Pawłowska for time and copyright management. Credit shall also be given to Staszic's pedagogues, Agnieszka TokarskaSerwa, Jolanta Dacko and Julia Schmidt, and the parents' council. We shall also bring up here our unofficial coaches - staff, librarians and trainers in the Palace of Youth in Warsaw. Moreover, we would like to underline the role of Staszic's librarians: Dorota Nosowska and Jan Pachulski and give them special credit for being with us the whole time and listening to our never-ending philosophical reflections. The other group we would like to thank are our friends who bravely beta tested our work, especially Marek Morawski. The sacrifices of the 3D class also shall be noticed, as a few of them were preparing for a math test from this book. We also shall mention Michał Motyl, for the project which notably influenced Chapter 1, so Data Visualisation.
As for individual acknowledgements: Mikołaj would like to thank Sylwester Błaszczuk, who made his love for probability grow stronger and taught him to present complex problems simply. He greatly appreciates Edward Stachowski and Jerzy Konarski for the effort of putting his knowledge in this area together at school and Mateusz Rapicki for the joyous substantive support while writing the book. Igor K. would like to thank Bartłomiej Wilczyński for providing him with rock-solid language foundations, ease of expression and support. Igor S. would like to thank the teachers and pupils at Elementary School no. 221 along with Anastasiya Derkachova for opening the math games. Richard would like to mention here the support he acquired from aunts Mola, Kasia, Beata and both Natalies as well as his grandfathers. He would also like to express his gratefulness towards his geography teachers - Marek and Piotr Dąbrowski. They had along with his secondary school math teacher, Agnieszka Potocka, taught him that the mastery is not complicating simple things, but simplifying the complicated ones. Both Richard and Igor S. express their gratitude to Elżbieta Lont and Elżbieta Trendak for laying down the fundamentals. Finally, Małgorzata would like to express her gratitude to her math teacher
Last, but not least, we need to give special credit to our publisher - it must have been really hard for staff that usually work with scientists to babysit a bunch of teenagers. Thus, we would like to mainly thank Ewa Łukasiewicz, our invaluable editor, for her exceptional organisation skills and perfectionism. For their professional approach and patience, we would like to mention here also this book's graphic editors, Aleksandra Musiał and Lilianna Kaleta. Chapters 3 and 8 be nefited greatly from Ewa Spirydowicz's linguistic corrections. Irrespective of all the support and comments we have received, all potential uncorrected errors in the text remain our responsibility.
Authors
Spis treści
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Why you should read this book?
Why Teens4teens?
How are you going to learn?
Chapters Comprehension
Chapter 1: The data visualisation
Chapter 2: Measures of location and central tendency
Chapter 3: Measures of dispersion
Chapter 4: Probability
Chapter 5: Tricky tools in probability
Chapter 6: Probability distributions
Chapter 7: Sample
Chapter 8: Regression & Correlation
Basic knowledge
The statistics
Useful symbols & formulas
Types of data - qualitative and quantitative
What is the population?
Population vs samples
How to create an unbiased sample?
The data visualisation
Introduction
SMITHY! What's going on in my company?!
Tables
Graphs/Charts
Pie chart
Bar Chart
Scatter plot
Line graph
Igor survived!
Igor is the boss!
Summarise
Quiz
Exercises
Measures of location and central tendency
Measures of location and central tendency
Introduction
Before we begin
Arithmetic mean (average)
Weighted arithmetic mean
Geometric mean (average)
Harmonic mean
RMS - Root mean square
Relations between the averages
Median
Mode
Quantiles
Percentiles in grouped data
Different results (mock GPA comparison)
Use cases
Recapitulation
Quiz
Exercises
Measures of dispersion
Measures of dispersion
Introduction
Minimum & Maximum
Range
Making money is hard
Now what
Why Variance won't let us down as the mean has?
Then what can we do?
But what is the point of counting it if it's squared?
Few words about Variance
Let's take a closer look at its use when finding a good machine for producing nails
The results of those long calculations
But all those numbers still don't give us any real information, do they?
Is there anything we can do about it?
What we have just discovered is a standard deviation
Remember!
"Challenge Accepted" ~ RTD BX3 "Naily"
Looking for a shortcut
What does it mean for the director?
The completely new challenge
There is no space!
This is the magic of the variance!
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Probability
Probability
Introduction
Sets and Venn diagrams
Permutations, k-permutations and k-tuples
Combinations and the binomial coefficient
Definition & characteristics of probability
Stochastic trees
Interesting fact - almost impossible events
Conditional probability
Total probability
Bayes' theorem
Are our experiments independent?
What model to use? - examples in problems
Let's put it all together
Quiz
Exercises
Tricky tools in probability
Tricky tools in probability
Introduction
Bernoulli trials
Expected value
Linear transition of expected value
Adding random variables
Welcome back, variance!
Variance also can make transitions
Calculating variance and standard deviation - C++ will do it for us!
*Why does probability work? - law of large numbers
Final Bonus: the code of our simulation
And that's all it takes
Quiz
Exercises
Probability distributions
Probability distributions
Introduction
Binomial distribution
How to make the calculations more humane - binomial distribution approximations
Be cautious - the binomial distribution has no memory!
Geometrie distribution
Poisson distribution
More about the "magie e"
Let's finish our example
The parameters - A will tell you everything!
Continuous distributions and the probability density function (PDF)
Uniform distribution - a brief extension
Cumulative distribution function (CDF)
Let's welcome the normal distribution!
Expected value and variance - you decide
Standardising the normal distribution
Normal distribution in normal life
When not to use the normal distribution?
That's all the stuff!
Quiz
Exercises
Sample
Sample
Introduction
The origins
Population variance & sample variance
Standard deviation
Standardisation
Standard error
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Regression & Correlation
Regression & Correlation
Introduction
Houston, we have a problem!
Data visualisation
The line of best fit
Let's finally use the formulas!
But what about accuracy?
Correlation
So, what is the final solution to the squirrel problem?
The squirrels return!
Your honour, I've got an objection!
(Few words of explanation)
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Quiz Solutions
Literature
Simple introduction to C++
Basic knowledge
Variable types
Common input and output methods
Conditions
Arrays and vectors: similarities and differences
Loops
Functions
Standard Template Library (STL) functions
Algorithms
Who are those guys?
Opinie
Every book has people (other than its authors) without whom it would not have been written. We would like to thank everyone that inspired us to take up this challenge, gave us a helping hand during the hard times we had while writing, showed us the new ways of dealing with problems and opened our eyes to new possibilities. Particularly we would like to express our gratitude to Statistics Poland for being an everlasting source of motivation. In short, we would like to thank everyone that has made this book happen.
As we live in this beautiful world, we would never publish without having high-profile backers. Piotr Wachowiak - Rector of the Warsaw School of Economics, supported our project both financially and organisationally.
The whole new part we dedicate to our reviewers. Their profound observations, helpful suggestions and problem-solving tips based on their experience enabled us to significantly improve both the technical side and clarity of this book. Nevertheless, there were others that provided us professional, though unofficial, remarks that made a huge impact - we would like to thank Michal Benčik from the National Bank of Slovakia for his detail focus that enabled him to find logical scratches even inside the codes, Ali Polat from Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University in Turkey for pointing out that the content may be useful, Maciej Szulc for a completely new perspective on what's easy and what's not, Andrzej Torój from SGH for pointing out possible directions, Marek Gruszczyński from SGH as the one man we never met but learned so much from through his econometric textbooks and Anna Szelągowska along with other participants of the Auditing, Accounting, Banking 2019 conference for suggestions and comments. As well as all of the academic staff, we received help from the business sector. Aleksander Kacprzyk and Anna Woźniak provided the project with great strategy comments, Tomasz Śmigielski, gave us his agreement to use the tool he developed for fractal creation while Da niel Olkowski, head of our lovely Computer Science Research Group, is to be thanked especially for our algorithmic education and showing us the connections between the school and business. The early version of the manuscript was circulated to a few interested teachers whose subjects we touched. Thus, prior versions of this book substantially benefited from Beata Danielak, Jolanta Drogoń, Magdalena Gradek, Wojciech Martys, Marek Pawłowski, Monika Sadowska, Katarzyna Szypuła, Joanna Śmigielska and Beata Wanago - we are grateful for your knowledge and support.
We also received institutional support both from our schools and other institutions. We would like to thank authorities of XIV Stanisław Staszic's High School, Regina Lewkowicz, Agnieszka Potocka and se cretary staff the same as headmaster of XCIV gen. Stanisław Maczek's High School, Anna Pawłowska for time and copyright management. Credit shall also be given to Staszic's pedagogues, Agnieszka TokarskaSerwa, Jolanta Dacko and Julia Schmidt, and the parents' council. We shall also bring up here our unofficial coaches - staff, librarians and trainers in the Palace of Youth in Warsaw. Moreover, we would like to underline the role of Staszic's librarians: Dorota Nosowska and Jan Pachulski and give them special credit for being with us the whole time and listening to our never-ending philosophical reflections. The other group we would like to thank are our friends who bravely beta tested our work, especially Marek Morawski. The sacrifices of the 3D class also shall be noticed, as a few of them were preparing for a math test from this book. We also shall mention Michał Motyl, for the project which notably influenced Chapter 1, so Data Visualisation.
As for individual acknowledgements: Mikołaj would like to thank Sylwester Błaszczuk, who made his love for probability grow stronger and taught him to present complex problems simply. He greatly appreciates Edward Stachowski and Jerzy Konarski for the effort of putting his knowledge in this area together at school and Mateusz Rapicki for the joyous substantive support while writing the book. Igor K. would like to thank Bartłomiej Wilczyński for providing him with rock-solid language foundations, ease of expression and support. Igor S. would like to thank the teachers and pupils at Elementary School no. 221 along with Anastasiya Derkachova for opening the math games. Richard would like to mention here the support he acquired from aunts Mola, Kasia, Beata and both Natalies as well as his grandfathers. He would also like to express his gratefulness towards his geography teachers - Marek and Piotr Dąbrowski. They had along with his secondary school math teacher, Agnieszka Potocka, taught him that the mastery is not complicating simple things, but simplifying the complicated ones. Both Richard and Igor S. express their gratitude to Elżbieta Lont and Elżbieta Trendak for laying down the fundamentals. Finally, Małgorzata would like to express her gratitude to her math teacher
Last, but not least, we need to give special credit to our publisher - it must have been really hard for staff that usually work with scientists to babysit a bunch of teenagers. Thus, we would like to mainly thank Ewa Łukasiewicz, our invaluable editor, for her exceptional organisation skills and perfectionism. For their professional approach and patience, we would like to mention here also this book's graphic editors, Aleksandra Musiał and Lilianna Kaleta. Chapters 3 and 8 be nefited greatly from Ewa Spirydowicz's linguistic corrections. Irrespective of all the support and comments we have received, all potential uncorrected errors in the text remain our responsibility.
Authors
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Why you should read this book?
Why Teens4teens?
How are you going to learn?
Chapters Comprehension
Chapter 1: The data visualisation
Chapter 2: Measures of location and central tendency
Chapter 3: Measures of dispersion
Chapter 4: Probability
Chapter 5: Tricky tools in probability
Chapter 6: Probability distributions
Chapter 7: Sample
Chapter 8: Regression & Correlation
Basic knowledge
The statistics
Useful symbols & formulas
Types of data - qualitative and quantitative
What is the population?
Population vs samples
How to create an unbiased sample?
The data visualisation
Introduction
SMITHY! What's going on in my company?!
Tables
Graphs/Charts
Pie chart
Bar Chart
Scatter plot
Line graph
Igor survived!
Igor is the boss!
Summarise
Quiz
Exercises
Measures of location and central tendency
Measures of location and central tendency
Introduction
Before we begin
Arithmetic mean (average)
Weighted arithmetic mean
Geometric mean (average)
Harmonic mean
RMS - Root mean square
Relations between the averages
Median
Mode
Quantiles
Percentiles in grouped data
Different results (mock GPA comparison)
Use cases
Recapitulation
Quiz
Exercises
Measures of dispersion
Measures of dispersion
Introduction
Minimum & Maximum
Range
Making money is hard
Now what
Why Variance won't let us down as the mean has?
Then what can we do?
But what is the point of counting it if it's squared?
Few words about Variance
Let's take a closer look at its use when finding a good machine for producing nails
The results of those long calculations
But all those numbers still don't give us any real information, do they?
Is there anything we can do about it?
What we have just discovered is a standard deviation
Remember!
"Challenge Accepted" ~ RTD BX3 "Naily"
Looking for a shortcut
What does it mean for the director?
The completely new challenge
There is no space!
This is the magic of the variance!
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Probability
Probability
Introduction
Sets and Venn diagrams
Permutations, k-permutations and k-tuples
Combinations and the binomial coefficient
Definition & characteristics of probability
Stochastic trees
Interesting fact - almost impossible events
Conditional probability
Total probability
Bayes' theorem
Are our experiments independent?
What model to use? - examples in problems
Let's put it all together
Quiz
Exercises
Tricky tools in probability
Tricky tools in probability
Introduction
Bernoulli trials
Expected value
Linear transition of expected value
Adding random variables
Welcome back, variance!
Variance also can make transitions
Calculating variance and standard deviation - C++ will do it for us!
*Why does probability work? - law of large numbers
Final Bonus: the code of our simulation
And that's all it takes
Quiz
Exercises
Probability distributions
Probability distributions
Introduction
Binomial distribution
How to make the calculations more humane - binomial distribution approximations
Be cautious - the binomial distribution has no memory!
Geometrie distribution
Poisson distribution
More about the "magie e"
Let's finish our example
The parameters - A will tell you everything!
Continuous distributions and the probability density function (PDF)
Uniform distribution - a brief extension
Cumulative distribution function (CDF)
Let's welcome the normal distribution!
Expected value and variance - you decide
Standardising the normal distribution
Normal distribution in normal life
When not to use the normal distribution?
That's all the stuff!
Quiz
Exercises
Sample
Sample
Introduction
The origins
Population variance & sample variance
Standard deviation
Standardisation
Standard error
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Regression & Correlation
Regression & Correlation
Introduction
Houston, we have a problem!
Data visualisation
The line of best fit
Let's finally use the formulas!
But what about accuracy?
Correlation
So, what is the final solution to the squirrel problem?
The squirrels return!
Your honour, I've got an objection!
(Few words of explanation)
Summary
Quiz
Exercises
Quiz Solutions
Literature
Simple introduction to C++
Basic knowledge
Variable types
Common input and output methods
Conditions
Arrays and vectors: similarities and differences
Loops
Functions
Standard Template Library (STL) functions
Algorithms
Who are those guys?