TAX AND NON-TAX Charges for Businesses

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this work is to give an overview of taxes and non-tax charges in Poland from the perspective of their influence on business activity conducted by corporations and private individuals. The primary aim of this study is to present fundamental tax and non-tax charges connected with business activity. It will also present economic effects of tax law application, as well as processes of determining tax base and tax due according to relevant provisions. At the same time, the importance of tax management as a part of financial policy of enterprises will be underlined.

The book can be used as an aid especially to professionals or students wishing to further their knowledge on Polish tax law.

It is to be noted that the book is a part of study materials on the course "Tax and Non-tax Corporate Burden" offered by the Warsaw School of Economics.

The Author welcomes any comments or helpful hints from readers which may be sent to: mjamro@sgh.waw.pl.

Introduction

I. Basics of Taxation

1. Sources of Polish tax law

2. Taxation and economic growth

3. Notion of taxes, fees and contributions

4.Tax structural elements of tax

4.1. Tax subject

4.2. Object of taxation

4.3. Tax base

4.4. Tax tariff

4.5. Tax period

4.6. Tax evidence

4.7. Tax declaration

5. Classification of taxes

6. Tax obligation and tax liability

7. Tax avoidance and tax evasion

II. Taxation of Income

1. Unlimited and limited tax liability

1.1. Eligibility criteria

1.2. Place of source of revenues

1.3. Split tax residence

1.4. Certificate of residence

2. Taxation of individuals (Personal Income Tax)

2.1. Sources of revenues

2.2. Lump-sum taxation of business activity

2.2.1. Tax card

2.2.2. Lump-sum tax on registered revenues

2.3. General personal income taxation of business activity

2.3.1. Tax revenues

2.3.2. Income-generating expenses

2.3.3. Tax status of partnerships

2.3.4. Tax evidence

2.3.5. Tax tariff

2.3.6. Tax reliefs

2.4.  Taxation of employment

2.4.1. Employer's income-generating expenses

2.4.2. Employee's revenues

2.4.3. Employee's income-generating expenses

3. Taxation of companies (Corporate Income Tax)

3.1. Tax subject

3.2. Object of taxation

3.2.1. Tax revenues

3.2.2. Income-generating expenses

3.2.3. Determination of income

3.2.4. Object exemptions

3.3. Deductions from income

3.3.1. Tax losses

3.3.2. Donations

3.3.3. R&D relief

3.4. Schedule of determining CIT due

3.5.  Tax rates

3.6. Advance payments and tax declaration

4. Special issues of income taxation

4.1. Depreciation write-offs

4.2. Leasing

4.3. Transfer pricing

4.4. Debt-financing costs

4.5. Intra-group service and royalty fees

4.6. Investment aid

4.7. Employee stock options

4.8. International Tax Aspects

4.8.1. Methods for elimination of double taxation

4.8.2. Permanent Establishment

4.8.3. Withholding taxation

III. Taxation of Tumover

1. Value Added Tax (VAT)

1.1. General Principles of the VAT System

1.2. Taxable transactions

1.2.1. Supply of goods

1.2.2. Provision of services

1.3. Determination of tax liability

1.4. Settlement of VAT

2. Excise Tax

3. Civil Law Activities Tax

IV. Taxation of Property

1. Real Estate Tax

2. Vehicle Tax

3. Financial Institutions Tax

4. Agricultural Tax

5. Forest Tax

5. Inheritance and Gift Tax

V. Obligatory Social Insurance Contributions

1. Institutional background

2. Social insurance

3. Health insurance

4. Labor Fund

5. Fund of the Guaranteed Employee Benefits

6. Determining net remuneration of employees

VI. Other Fiscal Duties

1. Tariffs and import fees

2. Product charges and environmental  charges

3. Betterment levies

Bibliography