The end of the first decade of the 21st century was a turbulent period in the global economy. The international economic crisis that began in 2007 hit many countries. Some of them are still reeling from the effects of recession. The crisis also shifted the positions of countries in terms of competitiveness. Due to differences in the level of internationalization of individual economies and sectors and due to their unequal resilience to external shocks, the effects of the crisis were deep in some countries and less severe in others. How did the Polish economy change in this turbulent international environment? How did the global economic crisis impact its innovativeness and competitiveness? Was the global crisis a driver of change, allowing Poland to overcome the limitations of the development process? To what extent did innovation become the basis for competitive capacity building at the beginning of the post-crisis period? The analysis conducted in this book seeks to provide answers to these questions.
This publication is not limited to analyzing current trends. It also offers some solid theoretical background. The authors hope their research findings will stimulate a debate on various theoretical issues underlying competitiveness and on how Poland can successfully embrace the most advanced form of competitiveness: sustainable competitiveness.
[[[separator]]]Competitiveness is a broad concept that refers to sustainable economic growth, but also to the ability to improve the living standards of a society, strengthen a country's position on foreign markets, and increase its attractiveness to foreign direct investment. Competitiveness embraces a wide range of issues and defies easy determination when it comes to both its current level and its development over time. However, measuring competitiveness and constantly analyzing changes in the competitiveness of economies is important for both policy makers and societies. This book is an attempt to respond to this need by examining Poland's competitiveness from 2007 to 2014.
Now in its 30th edition, this book is part of a monographic series of comparative studies on the main development trends in the Polish economy undertaken by the World Economy Research Institute at the Warsaw School of Economics. The aim of the research discussed in this year's edition of the monograph is to assess changes in the competitiveness of the Polish economy in 2007-2014, meaning both during the global economic and financial crisis and in the post-crisis years. The focus of these analyses is the role of innovation and how it contributes to the development of Poland's competitive advantages. The competitive position and innovation capacity of the Polish economy are compared with those of other European Union member states, in particular those that, after undergoing socioeconomic transition in the 1990 s, became a part of the bloc as a result of its successive rounds of enlargement in 2004, 2007, and 2013. Some aspects of competitiveness are also analyzed in comparison with selected emerging markets.
Such a broad approach makes it possible to identify scenarios for the future development of Poland's competitive position and to formulate recommendations for economic policy makers. This volume consists of three main parts divided into chapters and supplemented by tentative conclusions at the end of the book.
Part One (Chapters 1-5) offers a comparative analysis of Poland's economic development in 2007-2014, using a variety of economic and social indicators, such as GDP growth and per capita income and its convergence, in addition to income inequality and poverty. Subsequently, the competitive position of the Polish economy in external economic relations is analyzed, including the ability to sell products on international markets, as well as the country's attractiveness to foreign direct investment.
Part Two (Chapters 6-10) contains a detailed analysis of the determinants of Poland's competitiveness in 2007-2014 and identifies changes in the role of these determinants in the wake of the global economic and financial crisis and in the post-crisis period. The key factors affecting competitiveness taken into account in this analysis include economic policy, human resources, investment, the financial market, and total factor productivity.
As the global economy becomes increasingly based on knowledge, innovation plays a key role in building the competitive advantages of countries, regions and enterprises. Therefore this year's edition of the monograph focuses on various dimensions of innovation and its importance to the Polish economy. Innovation is essential for productivity growth, and it also shapes the competitive advantages of enterprises on international markets. The third part of the book (Chapters 11-17) focuses on new forms of innovation, such as public sector innovation, social innovation, open innovation, and eco-innovation, including their role in shaping Poland's competitive advantages from 2007 to 2014.
Each chapter ends with conclusions from the analyses conducted by the authors. The overall wrap-up in the last part of the book highlights interdependencies between innovation and competitiveness. In addition, some recommendations are offered on how Poland can become more competitive in the future. Overall, the book shows that policy makers should focus on stable long-term goals because only such an approach can make it possible to build a more competitive economy based on innovation and human resources.
This volume is not limited to analyzing current trends. It also offers some solid theoretical background. The authors hope their research findings will stimulate a debate on various theoretical issues underlying competitiveness and on how Poland can successfully embrace the most advanced form of competitiveness: sustainable competitiveness.
[[[separator]]]PREFACE
Marzenna Anna Weresa
PART I. POLAND'S COMPETITIVENESS IN 2007-2014
Chapter 1. Comparative Economic Performance in 2004-2014: Poland and the European Union
Zbigniew Matkowski, Ryszard Rapacki, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 2. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Income Convergence of Poland and Other Central and Eastern European Countries Toward the Average Income in the EU15
Zbigniew Matkowski, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 3. Income Inequality, Poverty and Other Selected Aspects of Social Exclusion in Poland
Patrycja Graca-Gelert
Chapter 4. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Competitiveness of Poland's Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments in 2007-2014
Mariusz-Jan Radło
Chapter 5. Changes in Poland's Attractiveness to Foreign Investors in the Context of the Global Crisis
Tomasz M. Napiórkowski
PART II. FACTORS DETERMINING POLAND'S COMPETITIVENESS:
CHANGES DURING AND AFTER THE GLOBAL CRISIS
Chapter 6. Key Economic Policy Developments in 2007-2014 and Challenges Ahead
Ryszard Rapacki, Adam Czerniak
Chapter 7. Development of Human Resources in Poland in 2007-2014
Mateusz Mokrogulski
Chapter 8. Investment in Poland
Piotr Maszczyk
Chapter 9. Changes in Total Factor Productivity in the Context of the Global Crisis
Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 10. The Financial System and Private Equity Sector Development
Oskar Kowalewski
PART III. INNOVATION IN POLAND
Chapter 11. Poland's National Innovation System and How It Evolved in 2007-2014
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Chapter 12. The Innovation Objectives of Polish Industrial Firms on Their Main Target Markets
Tomasz Gołębiowski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
Chapter 13. Public Sector Innovation in Poland
Marta Mackiewicz
Chapter 14. The Development of Social Innovation in Poland and Other EU Countries
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Chapter 15. Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Polish Enterprises
Jolanta Mazur, Piotr Zaborek
Chapter 16. Eco-Innovation Drivers: The Results of a Community Innovation Survey
Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
Chapter 17. Polish Innovation Policy Through 2020
Beata Lubos
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Toward Sustainable Competitiveness: An Overall Assessment of Changes in the Innovative Position and Competitiveness of the Polish Economy in 2007-2014
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Opis
The end of the first decade of the 21st century was a turbulent period in the global economy. The international economic crisis that began in 2007 hit many countries. Some of them are still reeling from the effects of recession. The crisis also shifted the positions of countries in terms of competitiveness. Due to differences in the level of internationalization of individual economies and sectors and due to their unequal resilience to external shocks, the effects of the crisis were deep in some countries and less severe in others. How did the Polish economy change in this turbulent international environment? How did the global economic crisis impact its innovativeness and competitiveness? Was the global crisis a driver of change, allowing Poland to overcome the limitations of the development process? To what extent did innovation become the basis for competitive capacity building at the beginning of the post-crisis period? The analysis conducted in this book seeks to provide answers to these questions.
This publication is not limited to analyzing current trends. It also offers some solid theoretical background. The authors hope their research findings will stimulate a debate on various theoretical issues underlying competitiveness and on how Poland can successfully embrace the most advanced form of competitiveness: sustainable competitiveness.
Wstęp
Competitiveness is a broad concept that refers to sustainable economic growth, but also to the ability to improve the living standards of a society, strengthen a country's position on foreign markets, and increase its attractiveness to foreign direct investment. Competitiveness embraces a wide range of issues and defies easy determination when it comes to both its current level and its development over time. However, measuring competitiveness and constantly analyzing changes in the competitiveness of economies is important for both policy makers and societies. This book is an attempt to respond to this need by examining Poland's competitiveness from 2007 to 2014.
Now in its 30th edition, this book is part of a monographic series of comparative studies on the main development trends in the Polish economy undertaken by the World Economy Research Institute at the Warsaw School of Economics. The aim of the research discussed in this year's edition of the monograph is to assess changes in the competitiveness of the Polish economy in 2007-2014, meaning both during the global economic and financial crisis and in the post-crisis years. The focus of these analyses is the role of innovation and how it contributes to the development of Poland's competitive advantages. The competitive position and innovation capacity of the Polish economy are compared with those of other European Union member states, in particular those that, after undergoing socioeconomic transition in the 1990 s, became a part of the bloc as a result of its successive rounds of enlargement in 2004, 2007, and 2013. Some aspects of competitiveness are also analyzed in comparison with selected emerging markets.
Such a broad approach makes it possible to identify scenarios for the future development of Poland's competitive position and to formulate recommendations for economic policy makers. This volume consists of three main parts divided into chapters and supplemented by tentative conclusions at the end of the book.
Part One (Chapters 1-5) offers a comparative analysis of Poland's economic development in 2007-2014, using a variety of economic and social indicators, such as GDP growth and per capita income and its convergence, in addition to income inequality and poverty. Subsequently, the competitive position of the Polish economy in external economic relations is analyzed, including the ability to sell products on international markets, as well as the country's attractiveness to foreign direct investment.
Part Two (Chapters 6-10) contains a detailed analysis of the determinants of Poland's competitiveness in 2007-2014 and identifies changes in the role of these determinants in the wake of the global economic and financial crisis and in the post-crisis period. The key factors affecting competitiveness taken into account in this analysis include economic policy, human resources, investment, the financial market, and total factor productivity.
As the global economy becomes increasingly based on knowledge, innovation plays a key role in building the competitive advantages of countries, regions and enterprises. Therefore this year's edition of the monograph focuses on various dimensions of innovation and its importance to the Polish economy. Innovation is essential for productivity growth, and it also shapes the competitive advantages of enterprises on international markets. The third part of the book (Chapters 11-17) focuses on new forms of innovation, such as public sector innovation, social innovation, open innovation, and eco-innovation, including their role in shaping Poland's competitive advantages from 2007 to 2014.
Each chapter ends with conclusions from the analyses conducted by the authors. The overall wrap-up in the last part of the book highlights interdependencies between innovation and competitiveness. In addition, some recommendations are offered on how Poland can become more competitive in the future. Overall, the book shows that policy makers should focus on stable long-term goals because only such an approach can make it possible to build a more competitive economy based on innovation and human resources.
This volume is not limited to analyzing current trends. It also offers some solid theoretical background. The authors hope their research findings will stimulate a debate on various theoretical issues underlying competitiveness and on how Poland can successfully embrace the most advanced form of competitiveness: sustainable competitiveness.
Spis treści
PREFACE
Marzenna Anna Weresa
PART I. POLAND'S COMPETITIVENESS IN 2007-2014
Chapter 1. Comparative Economic Performance in 2004-2014: Poland and the European Union
Zbigniew Matkowski, Ryszard Rapacki, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 2. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Income Convergence of Poland and Other Central and Eastern European Countries Toward the Average Income in the EU15
Zbigniew Matkowski, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 3. Income Inequality, Poverty and Other Selected Aspects of Social Exclusion in Poland
Patrycja Graca-Gelert
Chapter 4. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Competitiveness of Poland's Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments in 2007-2014
Mariusz-Jan Radło
Chapter 5. Changes in Poland's Attractiveness to Foreign Investors in the Context of the Global Crisis
Tomasz M. Napiórkowski
PART II. FACTORS DETERMINING POLAND'S COMPETITIVENESS:
CHANGES DURING AND AFTER THE GLOBAL CRISIS
Chapter 6. Key Economic Policy Developments in 2007-2014 and Challenges Ahead
Ryszard Rapacki, Adam Czerniak
Chapter 7. Development of Human Resources in Poland in 2007-2014
Mateusz Mokrogulski
Chapter 8. Investment in Poland
Piotr Maszczyk
Chapter 9. Changes in Total Factor Productivity in the Context of the Global Crisis
Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 10. The Financial System and Private Equity Sector Development
Oskar Kowalewski
PART III. INNOVATION IN POLAND
Chapter 11. Poland's National Innovation System and How It Evolved in 2007-2014
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Chapter 12. The Innovation Objectives of Polish Industrial Firms on Their Main Target Markets
Tomasz Gołębiowski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
Chapter 13. Public Sector Innovation in Poland
Marta Mackiewicz
Chapter 14. The Development of Social Innovation in Poland and Other EU Countries
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Chapter 15. Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Polish Enterprises
Jolanta Mazur, Piotr Zaborek
Chapter 16. Eco-Innovation Drivers: The Results of a Community Innovation Survey
Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
Chapter 17. Polish Innovation Policy Through 2020
Beata Lubos
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Toward Sustainable Competitiveness: An Overall Assessment of Changes in the Innovative Position and Competitiveness of the Polish Economy in 2007-2014
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Opinie
The end of the first decade of the 21st century was a turbulent period in the global economy. The international economic crisis that began in 2007 hit many countries. Some of them are still reeling from the effects of recession. The crisis also shifted the positions of countries in terms of competitiveness. Due to differences in the level of internationalization of individual economies and sectors and due to their unequal resilience to external shocks, the effects of the crisis were deep in some countries and less severe in others. How did the Polish economy change in this turbulent international environment? How did the global economic crisis impact its innovativeness and competitiveness? Was the global crisis a driver of change, allowing Poland to overcome the limitations of the development process? To what extent did innovation become the basis for competitive capacity building at the beginning of the post-crisis period? The analysis conducted in this book seeks to provide answers to these questions.
This publication is not limited to analyzing current trends. It also offers some solid theoretical background. The authors hope their research findings will stimulate a debate on various theoretical issues underlying competitiveness and on how Poland can successfully embrace the most advanced form of competitiveness: sustainable competitiveness.
Competitiveness is a broad concept that refers to sustainable economic growth, but also to the ability to improve the living standards of a society, strengthen a country's position on foreign markets, and increase its attractiveness to foreign direct investment. Competitiveness embraces a wide range of issues and defies easy determination when it comes to both its current level and its development over time. However, measuring competitiveness and constantly analyzing changes in the competitiveness of economies is important for both policy makers and societies. This book is an attempt to respond to this need by examining Poland's competitiveness from 2007 to 2014.
Now in its 30th edition, this book is part of a monographic series of comparative studies on the main development trends in the Polish economy undertaken by the World Economy Research Institute at the Warsaw School of Economics. The aim of the research discussed in this year's edition of the monograph is to assess changes in the competitiveness of the Polish economy in 2007-2014, meaning both during the global economic and financial crisis and in the post-crisis years. The focus of these analyses is the role of innovation and how it contributes to the development of Poland's competitive advantages. The competitive position and innovation capacity of the Polish economy are compared with those of other European Union member states, in particular those that, after undergoing socioeconomic transition in the 1990 s, became a part of the bloc as a result of its successive rounds of enlargement in 2004, 2007, and 2013. Some aspects of competitiveness are also analyzed in comparison with selected emerging markets.
Such a broad approach makes it possible to identify scenarios for the future development of Poland's competitive position and to formulate recommendations for economic policy makers. This volume consists of three main parts divided into chapters and supplemented by tentative conclusions at the end of the book.
Part One (Chapters 1-5) offers a comparative analysis of Poland's economic development in 2007-2014, using a variety of economic and social indicators, such as GDP growth and per capita income and its convergence, in addition to income inequality and poverty. Subsequently, the competitive position of the Polish economy in external economic relations is analyzed, including the ability to sell products on international markets, as well as the country's attractiveness to foreign direct investment.
Part Two (Chapters 6-10) contains a detailed analysis of the determinants of Poland's competitiveness in 2007-2014 and identifies changes in the role of these determinants in the wake of the global economic and financial crisis and in the post-crisis period. The key factors affecting competitiveness taken into account in this analysis include economic policy, human resources, investment, the financial market, and total factor productivity.
As the global economy becomes increasingly based on knowledge, innovation plays a key role in building the competitive advantages of countries, regions and enterprises. Therefore this year's edition of the monograph focuses on various dimensions of innovation and its importance to the Polish economy. Innovation is essential for productivity growth, and it also shapes the competitive advantages of enterprises on international markets. The third part of the book (Chapters 11-17) focuses on new forms of innovation, such as public sector innovation, social innovation, open innovation, and eco-innovation, including their role in shaping Poland's competitive advantages from 2007 to 2014.
Each chapter ends with conclusions from the analyses conducted by the authors. The overall wrap-up in the last part of the book highlights interdependencies between innovation and competitiveness. In addition, some recommendations are offered on how Poland can become more competitive in the future. Overall, the book shows that policy makers should focus on stable long-term goals because only such an approach can make it possible to build a more competitive economy based on innovation and human resources.
This volume is not limited to analyzing current trends. It also offers some solid theoretical background. The authors hope their research findings will stimulate a debate on various theoretical issues underlying competitiveness and on how Poland can successfully embrace the most advanced form of competitiveness: sustainable competitiveness.
PREFACE
Marzenna Anna Weresa
PART I. POLAND'S COMPETITIVENESS IN 2007-2014
Chapter 1. Comparative Economic Performance in 2004-2014: Poland and the European Union
Zbigniew Matkowski, Ryszard Rapacki, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 2. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Income Convergence of Poland and Other Central and Eastern European Countries Toward the Average Income in the EU15
Zbigniew Matkowski, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 3. Income Inequality, Poverty and Other Selected Aspects of Social Exclusion in Poland
Patrycja Graca-Gelert
Chapter 4. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Competitiveness of Poland's Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments in 2007-2014
Mariusz-Jan Radło
Chapter 5. Changes in Poland's Attractiveness to Foreign Investors in the Context of the Global Crisis
Tomasz M. Napiórkowski
PART II. FACTORS DETERMINING POLAND'S COMPETITIVENESS:
CHANGES DURING AND AFTER THE GLOBAL CRISIS
Chapter 6. Key Economic Policy Developments in 2007-2014 and Challenges Ahead
Ryszard Rapacki, Adam Czerniak
Chapter 7. Development of Human Resources in Poland in 2007-2014
Mateusz Mokrogulski
Chapter 8. Investment in Poland
Piotr Maszczyk
Chapter 9. Changes in Total Factor Productivity in the Context of the Global Crisis
Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 10. The Financial System and Private Equity Sector Development
Oskar Kowalewski
PART III. INNOVATION IN POLAND
Chapter 11. Poland's National Innovation System and How It Evolved in 2007-2014
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Chapter 12. The Innovation Objectives of Polish Industrial Firms on Their Main Target Markets
Tomasz Gołębiowski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
Chapter 13. Public Sector Innovation in Poland
Marta Mackiewicz
Chapter 14. The Development of Social Innovation in Poland and Other EU Countries
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Chapter 15. Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Polish Enterprises
Jolanta Mazur, Piotr Zaborek
Chapter 16. Eco-Innovation Drivers: The Results of a Community Innovation Survey
Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
Chapter 17. Polish Innovation Policy Through 2020
Beata Lubos
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Toward Sustainable Competitiveness: An Overall Assessment of Changes in the Innovative Position and Competitiveness of the Polish Economy in 2007-2014
Marzenna Anna Weresa
