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Poland: Report on Competitiveness 2018. The Role of Cities in Creating Competitive Advantages is the latest edition of a long-standing series of comparative research on the main trends in the development of Polish economy, which has been conducted in the World Economy Research Institute of Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) since the mid-1980 s. The main objective of this book is to identify changes of Poland's competitive position in 2010-2017, taking into account the competitiveness of cities and specifying factors affecting their competitive position in 2017.
The competitiveness of economies is defined in the book, by pointing to its manifestations, which primarily include an increase in the level of well-being of society while ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and a proportional division of benefits and costs of economic growth. The definition also includes the international dimension of competitiveness, which is reflected in strengthening the position of domestic goods and services on foreign markets and in improving the attractiveness of a given territory for foreign production factors (especially the attractiveness for foreign direct investment).
The research presented in this monograph concentrates on the competitive position of Poland in comparison with other analyzed countries, which after the systemic transformation in the 1990s became part of the European Union following its enlargement in 2004, 2007 and 2013.
The methodology of the comparative studies of Poland's competitiveness has been developed by a team coordinated by the World Economy Research Institute of the Warsaw School of Economics. It goes beyond the simple outcome approach and highlights structural factors affecting Poland's competitiveness. Its competitive position has been determined by a comparative analysis and benchmarking, taking as a reference point the economic results of individual member states and average indicators for the entire EU. Other aspects of the competitiveness of Polish economy, particularly its determinants, have been analyzed using a variety of methods best suited to the considered issue (such as statistical and descriptive analysis, econometric modeling, economic growth accounting, comparative analysis, deduction and induction methods) and economic indicators (e.g., indicators of revealed comparative advantages in foreign trade - RCA, income inequality measures, including the Gini coefficient, the summary innovation index, etc.).
Overall, the book consists of three parts divided into chapters.
Part I (Chapters 1-5) shows competitive position of Poland's economy compared to other European Union countries on the basis of outcome measures, such as: the rate of economic growth, the volume of gross domestic product analyzed in absolute and per capita terms, income inequalities in society and poverty scale. The picture of Polish economy development is summarized by a synthetic glance at five basic economic indicators (GDP per capita growth rate, inflation, unemployment, as well as public finance deficit and current deficit both in relation to GDP), which illustrate the condition of the Polish economy at the end of 2017. It is supplemented by the analysis of income convergence carried out for Poland and the other Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union in 2004, 2007 and 2013. The assessment of the macroeconomic situation has been enriched with international aspects of competitiveness. The focal point has been Poland's trade links with foreign countries, especially with the other EU countries - Poland's main economic partners (trade in goods and services, balance of payments) and foreign direct investment in Poland and their impact on regions.
Part II of the book (Chapters 6-9) seeks to identify factors determining the competitiveness of the Polish economy. Both theory and empirical research accentuate the importance of economic policy in shaping the competitiveness of economies. Therefore, the book presents the economic policy directions in 2010-2017 and on this basis, the most important challenges that will determine Poland's economic development and competitive position in the 2020 perspective are indicated.
Human, financial and intangible resources (knowledge, technology) are another group of factors determining the competitiveness of economies. Among those that were analyzed in detail in the monograph, and are considered to be key factors for improving Poland's competitiveness, were: domestic capital resources (investment and savings) as well as innovation and technology, including financial and human resources necessary for innovative activity, as well as innovation output in the form of patents, export of high-tech goods and knowledge-intensive services, and the revenues from sales of innovative products.
Part III (Chapters 10-17) focuses on the competitiveness of cities, which has become an important research topic in the context of location decisions, in particular nowadays when economies operate in rapidly changing environment (e.g., urban sprawl or the emergence of megacities, as well as the development of a global network of cities and clusters). Firstly, the theoretical foundations of the analyzed issue are presented. An attempt was made to define the term of a city's competitiveness and to describe its specific features, as well as indicate the factors affecting urban competitiveness.
The empirical research starts with the introduction of the competitiveness and dynamics of urban development in Poland in the context of urbanization processes that took place in previous decades, including demographic and income criteria. For this purpose, indicators defining the development of human capital, the level of entrepreneurship and the way of city management have been analyzed. It should also be mentioned that there are significant limitations for empirical research at the urban level, which are related to the lack of statistical data for many indicators usually used in competitiveness studies carried out at the level of countries and regions.
Subsequent chapters of the third part of the monograph discuss the possibilities of financing cities' development and their projects regarding, for example, investment in transport infrastructure, actions related to noise reduction or improving access to social and municipal services. The importance of the smart city concept for improving cities' competitiveness was also discussed, indicating that the smart city model is not limited to the technological dimension, but also takes into account the quality of life, social capital, social innovations, culture and education. While the use of technology is not of sole importance, it does contribute to raising the living standard of residents, increasing prosperity and balancing expansion. This subject is analyzed in Chapter 14, which underlines the role of urban spaces in creating innovation. Additionally, cities are a special environment conducive to the emergence of new solutions because human, financial and organizational resources are concentrated there. The examples of revitalization activities that have influenced the development of innovativeness in cities have been provided, along with a data analysis of the number of projects in the area of innovativeness and entrepreneurship co-financed from the EU funds implemented in the largest cities in Poland during 2007-2013. The research on issues connected with the smart city concept has been conducted in Chapter 15, which presents the financing of smart city projects from the European Union framework programs, including the main areas of financing and beneficiaries. The following issue analyzed in this book was specifically designed to portray the impact of the tourism function, which is the most exogenous of all urban functions, on the competitiveness and internationalization of cities. The analysis of cities' competitiveness also includes the benefits and threats related to the city's cultural diversity.
The final conclusions based on the conducted analyzes are presented in the final part of the book. We hope that research findings presented in this monograph are a contribution to the theory of competitiveness of national economies and allow for a better understanding of the factors determining both a short and long term competitive position, with an emphasis on the competitiveness of cities.
Marzenna Anna Weresa, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
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Preface
PART I. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE POLISH ECONOMY IN 2010-2017
Chapter 1. A Comparative Assessment of Development Trends in the Polish Economy in 2010-2017: Poland and the EU
Ryszard Rapacki, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 2. Convergence of Income Levels Between East- Central and Western Europe
Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 3. Income Inequality and Poverty in Poland in 2010-2016 with Particular Focus on Aspects of Urbanization
Patrycja Graca-Gelert
Chapter 4. The Foreign Trade of Poland and Voivodship Cities: The Competitive Advantages and Balance of Payments in 2010-2017
Mariusz-Jan Radło
Chapter 5. Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Urbanization Process in Poland. Heterogeneity of Regions
Tomasz Marcin Napiórkowski
PART II. MAIN COMPETITIVE FACTORS OF POLISH ECONOMY IN THE YEARS 2010-2017
Chapter 6. Directions of Economic Policy and the Most Significant Challenges in 2010-2017
Adam Czerniak, Ryszard Rapacki
Chapter 7. Investments and Domestic Savings in Poland in 2010-2017
Piotr Maszczyk
Chapter 8. R&D, Innovation and the Competitiveness of the Polish Economy
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Chapter 9. Changes in Total Factor Productivity
Mariusz Próchniak
PART III. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH CITIES
Chapter 10. The Competitiveness of Cities: Components, Meaning and Determinants
Magdalena Kachniewska, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Ewelina Szczech-Pietkiewicz
Chapter 11. Competitiveness and Dynamics of Urban Development in Poland
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Chapter 12. Financing Urban Development Projects for the Purpose of Increasing Competitiveness
Katarzyna Sum
Chapter 13. Smart City as a Form of Increasing Competitiveness of Cities
Ewelina Szczech-Pietkiewicz
Chapter 14. The Role of Urban Spaces in Creating Innovations
Marta Mackiewicz
Chapter 15. Financing Smart Cities Projects from the European Union Framework Programs FP7 and H2020
Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Tomasz Gołębiowski
Chapter 16. Impact of Tourism on Competitiveness and Internationalization of Cities
Magdalena Kachniewska
Chapter 17. Cultural Diversity of the City: Costs and Benefits. Research Overview
Lidia Danik
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
The Competitive Position of the Polish Economy in 2010-2017 with Focus on City Competitiveness
Marzenna Anna Weresa, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Opis
e-book do wypożyczenia lub zakupu na stronie:
Wstęp
Poland: Report on Competitiveness 2018. The Role of Cities in Creating Competitive Advantages is the latest edition of a long-standing series of comparative research on the main trends in the development of Polish economy, which has been conducted in the World Economy Research Institute of Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) since the mid-1980 s. The main objective of this book is to identify changes of Poland's competitive position in 2010-2017, taking into account the competitiveness of cities and specifying factors affecting their competitive position in 2017.
The competitiveness of economies is defined in the book, by pointing to its manifestations, which primarily include an increase in the level of well-being of society while ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and a proportional division of benefits and costs of economic growth. The definition also includes the international dimension of competitiveness, which is reflected in strengthening the position of domestic goods and services on foreign markets and in improving the attractiveness of a given territory for foreign production factors (especially the attractiveness for foreign direct investment).
The research presented in this monograph concentrates on the competitive position of Poland in comparison with other analyzed countries, which after the systemic transformation in the 1990s became part of the European Union following its enlargement in 2004, 2007 and 2013.
The methodology of the comparative studies of Poland's competitiveness has been developed by a team coordinated by the World Economy Research Institute of the Warsaw School of Economics. It goes beyond the simple outcome approach and highlights structural factors affecting Poland's competitiveness. Its competitive position has been determined by a comparative analysis and benchmarking, taking as a reference point the economic results of individual member states and average indicators for the entire EU. Other aspects of the competitiveness of Polish economy, particularly its determinants, have been analyzed using a variety of methods best suited to the considered issue (such as statistical and descriptive analysis, econometric modeling, economic growth accounting, comparative analysis, deduction and induction methods) and economic indicators (e.g., indicators of revealed comparative advantages in foreign trade - RCA, income inequality measures, including the Gini coefficient, the summary innovation index, etc.).
Overall, the book consists of three parts divided into chapters.
Part I (Chapters 1-5) shows competitive position of Poland's economy compared to other European Union countries on the basis of outcome measures, such as: the rate of economic growth, the volume of gross domestic product analyzed in absolute and per capita terms, income inequalities in society and poverty scale. The picture of Polish economy development is summarized by a synthetic glance at five basic economic indicators (GDP per capita growth rate, inflation, unemployment, as well as public finance deficit and current deficit both in relation to GDP), which illustrate the condition of the Polish economy at the end of 2017. It is supplemented by the analysis of income convergence carried out for Poland and the other Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union in 2004, 2007 and 2013. The assessment of the macroeconomic situation has been enriched with international aspects of competitiveness. The focal point has been Poland's trade links with foreign countries, especially with the other EU countries - Poland's main economic partners (trade in goods and services, balance of payments) and foreign direct investment in Poland and their impact on regions.
Part II of the book (Chapters 6-9) seeks to identify factors determining the competitiveness of the Polish economy. Both theory and empirical research accentuate the importance of economic policy in shaping the competitiveness of economies. Therefore, the book presents the economic policy directions in 2010-2017 and on this basis, the most important challenges that will determine Poland's economic development and competitive position in the 2020 perspective are indicated.
Human, financial and intangible resources (knowledge, technology) are another group of factors determining the competitiveness of economies. Among those that were analyzed in detail in the monograph, and are considered to be key factors for improving Poland's competitiveness, were: domestic capital resources (investment and savings) as well as innovation and technology, including financial and human resources necessary for innovative activity, as well as innovation output in the form of patents, export of high-tech goods and knowledge-intensive services, and the revenues from sales of innovative products.
Part III (Chapters 10-17) focuses on the competitiveness of cities, which has become an important research topic in the context of location decisions, in particular nowadays when economies operate in rapidly changing environment (e.g., urban sprawl or the emergence of megacities, as well as the development of a global network of cities and clusters). Firstly, the theoretical foundations of the analyzed issue are presented. An attempt was made to define the term of a city's competitiveness and to describe its specific features, as well as indicate the factors affecting urban competitiveness.
The empirical research starts with the introduction of the competitiveness and dynamics of urban development in Poland in the context of urbanization processes that took place in previous decades, including demographic and income criteria. For this purpose, indicators defining the development of human capital, the level of entrepreneurship and the way of city management have been analyzed. It should also be mentioned that there are significant limitations for empirical research at the urban level, which are related to the lack of statistical data for many indicators usually used in competitiveness studies carried out at the level of countries and regions.
Subsequent chapters of the third part of the monograph discuss the possibilities of financing cities' development and their projects regarding, for example, investment in transport infrastructure, actions related to noise reduction or improving access to social and municipal services. The importance of the smart city concept for improving cities' competitiveness was also discussed, indicating that the smart city model is not limited to the technological dimension, but also takes into account the quality of life, social capital, social innovations, culture and education. While the use of technology is not of sole importance, it does contribute to raising the living standard of residents, increasing prosperity and balancing expansion. This subject is analyzed in Chapter 14, which underlines the role of urban spaces in creating innovation. Additionally, cities are a special environment conducive to the emergence of new solutions because human, financial and organizational resources are concentrated there. The examples of revitalization activities that have influenced the development of innovativeness in cities have been provided, along with a data analysis of the number of projects in the area of innovativeness and entrepreneurship co-financed from the EU funds implemented in the largest cities in Poland during 2007-2013. The research on issues connected with the smart city concept has been conducted in Chapter 15, which presents the financing of smart city projects from the European Union framework programs, including the main areas of financing and beneficiaries. The following issue analyzed in this book was specifically designed to portray the impact of the tourism function, which is the most exogenous of all urban functions, on the competitiveness and internationalization of cities. The analysis of cities' competitiveness also includes the benefits and threats related to the city's cultural diversity.
The final conclusions based on the conducted analyzes are presented in the final part of the book. We hope that research findings presented in this monograph are a contribution to the theory of competitiveness of national economies and allow for a better understanding of the factors determining both a short and long term competitive position, with an emphasis on the competitiveness of cities.
Marzenna Anna Weresa, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Spis treści
Preface
PART I. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE POLISH ECONOMY IN 2010-2017
Chapter 1. A Comparative Assessment of Development Trends in the Polish Economy in 2010-2017: Poland and the EU
Ryszard Rapacki, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 2. Convergence of Income Levels Between East- Central and Western Europe
Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 3. Income Inequality and Poverty in Poland in 2010-2016 with Particular Focus on Aspects of Urbanization
Patrycja Graca-Gelert
Chapter 4. The Foreign Trade of Poland and Voivodship Cities: The Competitive Advantages and Balance of Payments in 2010-2017
Mariusz-Jan Radło
Chapter 5. Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Urbanization Process in Poland. Heterogeneity of Regions
Tomasz Marcin Napiórkowski
PART II. MAIN COMPETITIVE FACTORS OF POLISH ECONOMY IN THE YEARS 2010-2017
Chapter 6. Directions of Economic Policy and the Most Significant Challenges in 2010-2017
Adam Czerniak, Ryszard Rapacki
Chapter 7. Investments and Domestic Savings in Poland in 2010-2017
Piotr Maszczyk
Chapter 8. R&D, Innovation and the Competitiveness of the Polish Economy
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Chapter 9. Changes in Total Factor Productivity
Mariusz Próchniak
PART III. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH CITIES
Chapter 10. The Competitiveness of Cities: Components, Meaning and Determinants
Magdalena Kachniewska, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Ewelina Szczech-Pietkiewicz
Chapter 11. Competitiveness and Dynamics of Urban Development in Poland
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Chapter 12. Financing Urban Development Projects for the Purpose of Increasing Competitiveness
Katarzyna Sum
Chapter 13. Smart City as a Form of Increasing Competitiveness of Cities
Ewelina Szczech-Pietkiewicz
Chapter 14. The Role of Urban Spaces in Creating Innovations
Marta Mackiewicz
Chapter 15. Financing Smart Cities Projects from the European Union Framework Programs FP7 and H2020
Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Tomasz Gołębiowski
Chapter 16. Impact of Tourism on Competitiveness and Internationalization of Cities
Magdalena Kachniewska
Chapter 17. Cultural Diversity of the City: Costs and Benefits. Research Overview
Lidia Danik
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
The Competitive Position of the Polish Economy in 2010-2017 with Focus on City Competitiveness
Marzenna Anna Weresa, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Opinie
e-book do wypożyczenia lub zakupu na stronie:
Poland: Report on Competitiveness 2018. The Role of Cities in Creating Competitive Advantages is the latest edition of a long-standing series of comparative research on the main trends in the development of Polish economy, which has been conducted in the World Economy Research Institute of Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) since the mid-1980 s. The main objective of this book is to identify changes of Poland's competitive position in 2010-2017, taking into account the competitiveness of cities and specifying factors affecting their competitive position in 2017.
The competitiveness of economies is defined in the book, by pointing to its manifestations, which primarily include an increase in the level of well-being of society while ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and a proportional division of benefits and costs of economic growth. The definition also includes the international dimension of competitiveness, which is reflected in strengthening the position of domestic goods and services on foreign markets and in improving the attractiveness of a given territory for foreign production factors (especially the attractiveness for foreign direct investment).
The research presented in this monograph concentrates on the competitive position of Poland in comparison with other analyzed countries, which after the systemic transformation in the 1990s became part of the European Union following its enlargement in 2004, 2007 and 2013.
The methodology of the comparative studies of Poland's competitiveness has been developed by a team coordinated by the World Economy Research Institute of the Warsaw School of Economics. It goes beyond the simple outcome approach and highlights structural factors affecting Poland's competitiveness. Its competitive position has been determined by a comparative analysis and benchmarking, taking as a reference point the economic results of individual member states and average indicators for the entire EU. Other aspects of the competitiveness of Polish economy, particularly its determinants, have been analyzed using a variety of methods best suited to the considered issue (such as statistical and descriptive analysis, econometric modeling, economic growth accounting, comparative analysis, deduction and induction methods) and economic indicators (e.g., indicators of revealed comparative advantages in foreign trade - RCA, income inequality measures, including the Gini coefficient, the summary innovation index, etc.).
Overall, the book consists of three parts divided into chapters.
Part I (Chapters 1-5) shows competitive position of Poland's economy compared to other European Union countries on the basis of outcome measures, such as: the rate of economic growth, the volume of gross domestic product analyzed in absolute and per capita terms, income inequalities in society and poverty scale. The picture of Polish economy development is summarized by a synthetic glance at five basic economic indicators (GDP per capita growth rate, inflation, unemployment, as well as public finance deficit and current deficit both in relation to GDP), which illustrate the condition of the Polish economy at the end of 2017. It is supplemented by the analysis of income convergence carried out for Poland and the other Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union in 2004, 2007 and 2013. The assessment of the macroeconomic situation has been enriched with international aspects of competitiveness. The focal point has been Poland's trade links with foreign countries, especially with the other EU countries - Poland's main economic partners (trade in goods and services, balance of payments) and foreign direct investment in Poland and their impact on regions.
Part II of the book (Chapters 6-9) seeks to identify factors determining the competitiveness of the Polish economy. Both theory and empirical research accentuate the importance of economic policy in shaping the competitiveness of economies. Therefore, the book presents the economic policy directions in 2010-2017 and on this basis, the most important challenges that will determine Poland's economic development and competitive position in the 2020 perspective are indicated.
Human, financial and intangible resources (knowledge, technology) are another group of factors determining the competitiveness of economies. Among those that were analyzed in detail in the monograph, and are considered to be key factors for improving Poland's competitiveness, were: domestic capital resources (investment and savings) as well as innovation and technology, including financial and human resources necessary for innovative activity, as well as innovation output in the form of patents, export of high-tech goods and knowledge-intensive services, and the revenues from sales of innovative products.
Part III (Chapters 10-17) focuses on the competitiveness of cities, which has become an important research topic in the context of location decisions, in particular nowadays when economies operate in rapidly changing environment (e.g., urban sprawl or the emergence of megacities, as well as the development of a global network of cities and clusters). Firstly, the theoretical foundations of the analyzed issue are presented. An attempt was made to define the term of a city's competitiveness and to describe its specific features, as well as indicate the factors affecting urban competitiveness.
The empirical research starts with the introduction of the competitiveness and dynamics of urban development in Poland in the context of urbanization processes that took place in previous decades, including demographic and income criteria. For this purpose, indicators defining the development of human capital, the level of entrepreneurship and the way of city management have been analyzed. It should also be mentioned that there are significant limitations for empirical research at the urban level, which are related to the lack of statistical data for many indicators usually used in competitiveness studies carried out at the level of countries and regions.
Subsequent chapters of the third part of the monograph discuss the possibilities of financing cities' development and their projects regarding, for example, investment in transport infrastructure, actions related to noise reduction or improving access to social and municipal services. The importance of the smart city concept for improving cities' competitiveness was also discussed, indicating that the smart city model is not limited to the technological dimension, but also takes into account the quality of life, social capital, social innovations, culture and education. While the use of technology is not of sole importance, it does contribute to raising the living standard of residents, increasing prosperity and balancing expansion. This subject is analyzed in Chapter 14, which underlines the role of urban spaces in creating innovation. Additionally, cities are a special environment conducive to the emergence of new solutions because human, financial and organizational resources are concentrated there. The examples of revitalization activities that have influenced the development of innovativeness in cities have been provided, along with a data analysis of the number of projects in the area of innovativeness and entrepreneurship co-financed from the EU funds implemented in the largest cities in Poland during 2007-2013. The research on issues connected with the smart city concept has been conducted in Chapter 15, which presents the financing of smart city projects from the European Union framework programs, including the main areas of financing and beneficiaries. The following issue analyzed in this book was specifically designed to portray the impact of the tourism function, which is the most exogenous of all urban functions, on the competitiveness and internationalization of cities. The analysis of cities' competitiveness also includes the benefits and threats related to the city's cultural diversity.
The final conclusions based on the conducted analyzes are presented in the final part of the book. We hope that research findings presented in this monograph are a contribution to the theory of competitiveness of national economies and allow for a better understanding of the factors determining both a short and long term competitive position, with an emphasis on the competitiveness of cities.
Marzenna Anna Weresa, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Preface
PART I. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE POLISH ECONOMY IN 2010-2017
Chapter 1. A Comparative Assessment of Development Trends in the Polish Economy in 2010-2017: Poland and the EU
Ryszard Rapacki, Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 2. Convergence of Income Levels Between East- Central and Western Europe
Mariusz Próchniak
Chapter 3. Income Inequality and Poverty in Poland in 2010-2016 with Particular Focus on Aspects of Urbanization
Patrycja Graca-Gelert
Chapter 4. The Foreign Trade of Poland and Voivodship Cities: The Competitive Advantages and Balance of Payments in 2010-2017
Mariusz-Jan Radło
Chapter 5. Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Urbanization Process in Poland. Heterogeneity of Regions
Tomasz Marcin Napiórkowski
PART II. MAIN COMPETITIVE FACTORS OF POLISH ECONOMY IN THE YEARS 2010-2017
Chapter 6. Directions of Economic Policy and the Most Significant Challenges in 2010-2017
Adam Czerniak, Ryszard Rapacki
Chapter 7. Investments and Domestic Savings in Poland in 2010-2017
Piotr Maszczyk
Chapter 8. R&D, Innovation and the Competitiveness of the Polish Economy
Marzenna Anna Weresa
Chapter 9. Changes in Total Factor Productivity
Mariusz Próchniak
PART III. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH CITIES
Chapter 10. The Competitiveness of Cities: Components, Meaning and Determinants
Magdalena Kachniewska, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Ewelina Szczech-Pietkiewicz
Chapter 11. Competitiveness and Dynamics of Urban Development in Poland
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
Chapter 12. Financing Urban Development Projects for the Purpose of Increasing Competitiveness
Katarzyna Sum
Chapter 13. Smart City as a Form of Increasing Competitiveness of Cities
Ewelina Szczech-Pietkiewicz
Chapter 14. The Role of Urban Spaces in Creating Innovations
Marta Mackiewicz
Chapter 15. Financing Smart Cities Projects from the European Union Framework Programs FP7 and H2020
Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Tomasz Gołębiowski
Chapter 16. Impact of Tourism on Competitiveness and Internationalization of Cities
Magdalena Kachniewska
Chapter 17. Cultural Diversity of the City: Costs and Benefits. Research Overview
Lidia Danik
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
The Competitive Position of the Polish Economy in 2010-2017 with Focus on City Competitiveness
Marzenna Anna Weresa, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
