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INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION OF KEY DECISION-MAKERS AND FIRM INTERNATIONALIZATION. EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPANIES IN POLAND

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 INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION OF KEY DECISION-MAKERS AND FIRM INTERNATIONALIZATION. EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPANIES IN POLAND
INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION OF KEY DECISION-MAKERS AND FIRM INTERNATIONALIZATION. EVIDENCE FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPANIES IN POLAND

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This monograph is composed of an introduction, four chapters and conclusions. The first two chapters are of a theoretical nature, while the last two are empirical.

Chapter 1 presents the theoretical foundations for an empirical exploration of SME internationalization undertaken in this book, and highlights that these are rooted in three fields of studies: international business, international entrepreneurship, and strategic management. The definitional landscape of firm internationalization is reviewed in this chapter. Firm internationalization is presented as multidimensional (inward and outward), discontinuous (de-internationalization and re-internationalization is included) and complex phenomenon. Selected theoretical frameworks of firm internationalization are described. Strategic management theories, including Resource-Based View (RBV) and upper echelons framework, are shortly discussed in the context of competitive advantage and firm (international) competitiveness. It is argued that these perspectives often constitute the underpinnings of empirical research on firm internationalization and therefore should not be omitted. The own systematics of established internationalization theories is outlined, with the main classification criterium being the lens through which the particular group of theories viewed internationalization (e.g., internationalization was viewed as a sequential and cumulative process by stage theories such as U-model, Finnish models or I-models).The internationalization theories included in the proposed systematics are described, with their critique presented.

Chapter 2 includes a thorough literature review of objective manager characteristics that the extant literature identifies as determinants of firm internationalization. These are: age, education level, international education, international work experience, international childhood grounding, time spent abroad and foreign travel and foreign language skills. It is assumed that they can drive the internationalization of SMEs as standalone features directly or indirectly, contributing to the formation of decisionmaker’s international orientation. Specifically, international characteristics of managers prove to a large extent to be good predictors of improved SME internationalization. Research gaps are identified based on literature review. Furthermore, international orientation together with related constructs, such as global orientation, global mindset and international entrepreneurial orientation is presented, followed by the justification on why international orientation is chosen as a study object in the context of Polish SME decision-makers. Consequently, a thorough literature review of IO is undertaken, with a total of 23 studies linking international orientation to firm internationalization performance identified. In the end, the IO definition and conceptualization adopted in this book is presented.

Chapter 3 depicts the concept of the empirical study. Drawing upon the identified research gaps it specifies the research objectives and hypotheses of this study, describes the research method – CATI, and discusses the sample composition. Thus, justification of the sample choice is provided, including the reasons for which the manufacturing sector was selected and micro-enterprises were omitted. Next, variables operationalization is depicted, followed with a short description of the method of data analysis – the PLS_SEM. Subsequently, general characteristics of the sampled population, including the main metrics describing the firm internationalization i.e. scale, scope, speed and the international profile of managers, are displayed and analyzed.

Chapter 4 presents the results of empirical research undertaken on 302 Polish small and medium-sized enterprises. First, the conceptual model subject to empirical verification is specified, followed by a presentation of the evaluation of the measurement model and structural model, as laid down in the PLS-SEM technique, in order to ensure validity of the model under investigation. Next, the paths’ coefficients of hypothesized relationships in the main model are depicted, involving the whole studied population of SMEs (N = 302) and the subgroup models arrived at with the application of categorical moderators: SME size and SME international experience, as well as the SME key decision-maker’s age. An evaluation and comparison of the models in subgroups is also provided. The chapter concludes with the hypotheses verification outcome. It is evidenced that only a professional life manager’s characteristics facilitate the formation of the decision-maker’s international orientation, and that IO positively influences firm internationalization outcomes. The conclusions of this book discuss the results, present the limitations of the study and display the avenues for further research. They also include recommendations for management practice.

(fragment of the introduction)

[[[separator]]]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1.1. Firm Internationalization definitions

1.2. Firm competitiveness, competitive advantage and internationalization – an overview of theoretical perspectives from strategic management research

1.3. Classification of firm internationalization theories

1.4. Foreign direct investment theories explaining the emergence of Multinational Enterprises

1.5. Behavioral approaches explaining the emergence of international small and medium-sized companies

Summary: Theoretical foudations of SME internationalization

 

INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION OF THE DECISION-MAKER AS A DRIVER OF SME INTERNATIONALIZATION

2.1. Classification of SME internationalization determinants

2.2. International orientation – essence and related constructs

2.3. Dimensions of the international orientation concept

2.3.1. Manager’s age

2.3.2. Education level

2.3.3. International education

2.3.4. International childhood grounding

2.3.5. International work experience

2.3.6. Time spent abroad and foreign travels

2.3.7. Foreign language skills

2.4. The international orientation and SME internationalization relationship – literature review

Summary: Conceptual framework of international orientation of SME decision-makers

 

INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION AND THE SME INTERNATIONALIZATION DEGREE – A DESCRIPTION

OF THE RESEARCH CONCEPT AND RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. Indication of research gaps, specification of research objectives and hypotheses

3.2. Research method, sample composition, data collection, variables operationalization and the method of data analysis

Sample composition criteria

3.3. Characteristics of sampled population

3.3.1. General characteristics of surveyed SMEs

3.3.2. Internationalization level of the surveyed SMEs

3.3.3. Characteristics of SMEs in sub-groups 151

3.4. General characteristics of respondents – SME decision-makers

Summary: Sampled population characteristics

 

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF PLS-SEM

4.1. Conceptual model specification

4.2. Main PLS-SEM model evaluation

4.2.1. Measurement model evaluation

4.2.2. Structural model evaluation

4.3. PLS-SEM models in sub-groups – evaluation of results

4.3.1. SME size as a moderating variable

4.3.2. SME international experience as a moderating variable

4.3.3. SME key decision-maker’s age as a moderating variable

4.3.4. Comparison of sub-group results

Summary: The outcome of the hypotheses verification

 

CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER

RESEARCH

Bibliography

List of figures

List of table

Appendix

 

Opis

Rok wydania: 2022
Wydanie: I
Wydawnictwo: Oficyna Wydawnicza
Format: B5
Liczba stron: 283
Oprawa: miękka

Wstęp

This monograph is composed of an introduction, four chapters and conclusions. The first two chapters are of a theoretical nature, while the last two are empirical.

Chapter 1 presents the theoretical foundations for an empirical exploration of SME internationalization undertaken in this book, and highlights that these are rooted in three fields of studies: international business, international entrepreneurship, and strategic management. The definitional landscape of firm internationalization is reviewed in this chapter. Firm internationalization is presented as multidimensional (inward and outward), discontinuous (de-internationalization and re-internationalization is included) and complex phenomenon. Selected theoretical frameworks of firm internationalization are described. Strategic management theories, including Resource-Based View (RBV) and upper echelons framework, are shortly discussed in the context of competitive advantage and firm (international) competitiveness. It is argued that these perspectives often constitute the underpinnings of empirical research on firm internationalization and therefore should not be omitted. The own systematics of established internationalization theories is outlined, with the main classification criterium being the lens through which the particular group of theories viewed internationalization (e.g., internationalization was viewed as a sequential and cumulative process by stage theories such as U-model, Finnish models or I-models).The internationalization theories included in the proposed systematics are described, with their critique presented.

Chapter 2 includes a thorough literature review of objective manager characteristics that the extant literature identifies as determinants of firm internationalization. These are: age, education level, international education, international work experience, international childhood grounding, time spent abroad and foreign travel and foreign language skills. It is assumed that they can drive the internationalization of SMEs as standalone features directly or indirectly, contributing to the formation of decisionmaker’s international orientation. Specifically, international characteristics of managers prove to a large extent to be good predictors of improved SME internationalization. Research gaps are identified based on literature review. Furthermore, international orientation together with related constructs, such as global orientation, global mindset and international entrepreneurial orientation is presented, followed by the justification on why international orientation is chosen as a study object in the context of Polish SME decision-makers. Consequently, a thorough literature review of IO is undertaken, with a total of 23 studies linking international orientation to firm internationalization performance identified. In the end, the IO definition and conceptualization adopted in this book is presented.

Chapter 3 depicts the concept of the empirical study. Drawing upon the identified research gaps it specifies the research objectives and hypotheses of this study, describes the research method – CATI, and discusses the sample composition. Thus, justification of the sample choice is provided, including the reasons for which the manufacturing sector was selected and micro-enterprises were omitted. Next, variables operationalization is depicted, followed with a short description of the method of data analysis – the PLS_SEM. Subsequently, general characteristics of the sampled population, including the main metrics describing the firm internationalization i.e. scale, scope, speed and the international profile of managers, are displayed and analyzed.

Chapter 4 presents the results of empirical research undertaken on 302 Polish small and medium-sized enterprises. First, the conceptual model subject to empirical verification is specified, followed by a presentation of the evaluation of the measurement model and structural model, as laid down in the PLS-SEM technique, in order to ensure validity of the model under investigation. Next, the paths’ coefficients of hypothesized relationships in the main model are depicted, involving the whole studied population of SMEs (N = 302) and the subgroup models arrived at with the application of categorical moderators: SME size and SME international experience, as well as the SME key decision-maker’s age. An evaluation and comparison of the models in subgroups is also provided. The chapter concludes with the hypotheses verification outcome. It is evidenced that only a professional life manager’s characteristics facilitate the formation of the decision-maker’s international orientation, and that IO positively influences firm internationalization outcomes. The conclusions of this book discuss the results, present the limitations of the study and display the avenues for further research. They also include recommendations for management practice.

(fragment of the introduction)

Spis treści

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1.1. Firm Internationalization definitions

1.2. Firm competitiveness, competitive advantage and internationalization – an overview of theoretical perspectives from strategic management research

1.3. Classification of firm internationalization theories

1.4. Foreign direct investment theories explaining the emergence of Multinational Enterprises

1.5. Behavioral approaches explaining the emergence of international small and medium-sized companies

Summary: Theoretical foudations of SME internationalization

 

INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION OF THE DECISION-MAKER AS A DRIVER OF SME INTERNATIONALIZATION

2.1. Classification of SME internationalization determinants

2.2. International orientation – essence and related constructs

2.3. Dimensions of the international orientation concept

2.3.1. Manager’s age

2.3.2. Education level

2.3.3. International education

2.3.4. International childhood grounding

2.3.5. International work experience

2.3.6. Time spent abroad and foreign travels

2.3.7. Foreign language skills

2.4. The international orientation and SME internationalization relationship – literature review

Summary: Conceptual framework of international orientation of SME decision-makers

 

INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION AND THE SME INTERNATIONALIZATION DEGREE – A DESCRIPTION

OF THE RESEARCH CONCEPT AND RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. Indication of research gaps, specification of research objectives and hypotheses

3.2. Research method, sample composition, data collection, variables operationalization and the method of data analysis

Sample composition criteria

3.3. Characteristics of sampled population

3.3.1. General characteristics of surveyed SMEs

3.3.2. Internationalization level of the surveyed SMEs

3.3.3. Characteristics of SMEs in sub-groups 151

3.4. General characteristics of respondents – SME decision-makers

Summary: Sampled population characteristics

 

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF PLS-SEM

4.1. Conceptual model specification

4.2. Main PLS-SEM model evaluation

4.2.1. Measurement model evaluation

4.2.2. Structural model evaluation

4.3. PLS-SEM models in sub-groups – evaluation of results

4.3.1. SME size as a moderating variable

4.3.2. SME international experience as a moderating variable

4.3.3. SME key decision-maker’s age as a moderating variable

4.3.4. Comparison of sub-group results

Summary: The outcome of the hypotheses verification

 

CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER

RESEARCH

Bibliography

List of figures

List of table

Appendix

 

Opinie

Twoja ocena:
Rok wydania: 2022
Wydanie: I
Wydawnictwo: Oficyna Wydawnicza
Format: B5
Liczba stron: 283
Oprawa: miękka

This monograph is composed of an introduction, four chapters and conclusions. The first two chapters are of a theoretical nature, while the last two are empirical.

Chapter 1 presents the theoretical foundations for an empirical exploration of SME internationalization undertaken in this book, and highlights that these are rooted in three fields of studies: international business, international entrepreneurship, and strategic management. The definitional landscape of firm internationalization is reviewed in this chapter. Firm internationalization is presented as multidimensional (inward and outward), discontinuous (de-internationalization and re-internationalization is included) and complex phenomenon. Selected theoretical frameworks of firm internationalization are described. Strategic management theories, including Resource-Based View (RBV) and upper echelons framework, are shortly discussed in the context of competitive advantage and firm (international) competitiveness. It is argued that these perspectives often constitute the underpinnings of empirical research on firm internationalization and therefore should not be omitted. The own systematics of established internationalization theories is outlined, with the main classification criterium being the lens through which the particular group of theories viewed internationalization (e.g., internationalization was viewed as a sequential and cumulative process by stage theories such as U-model, Finnish models or I-models).The internationalization theories included in the proposed systematics are described, with their critique presented.

Chapter 2 includes a thorough literature review of objective manager characteristics that the extant literature identifies as determinants of firm internationalization. These are: age, education level, international education, international work experience, international childhood grounding, time spent abroad and foreign travel and foreign language skills. It is assumed that they can drive the internationalization of SMEs as standalone features directly or indirectly, contributing to the formation of decisionmaker’s international orientation. Specifically, international characteristics of managers prove to a large extent to be good predictors of improved SME internationalization. Research gaps are identified based on literature review. Furthermore, international orientation together with related constructs, such as global orientation, global mindset and international entrepreneurial orientation is presented, followed by the justification on why international orientation is chosen as a study object in the context of Polish SME decision-makers. Consequently, a thorough literature review of IO is undertaken, with a total of 23 studies linking international orientation to firm internationalization performance identified. In the end, the IO definition and conceptualization adopted in this book is presented.

Chapter 3 depicts the concept of the empirical study. Drawing upon the identified research gaps it specifies the research objectives and hypotheses of this study, describes the research method – CATI, and discusses the sample composition. Thus, justification of the sample choice is provided, including the reasons for which the manufacturing sector was selected and micro-enterprises were omitted. Next, variables operationalization is depicted, followed with a short description of the method of data analysis – the PLS_SEM. Subsequently, general characteristics of the sampled population, including the main metrics describing the firm internationalization i.e. scale, scope, speed and the international profile of managers, are displayed and analyzed.

Chapter 4 presents the results of empirical research undertaken on 302 Polish small and medium-sized enterprises. First, the conceptual model subject to empirical verification is specified, followed by a presentation of the evaluation of the measurement model and structural model, as laid down in the PLS-SEM technique, in order to ensure validity of the model under investigation. Next, the paths’ coefficients of hypothesized relationships in the main model are depicted, involving the whole studied population of SMEs (N = 302) and the subgroup models arrived at with the application of categorical moderators: SME size and SME international experience, as well as the SME key decision-maker’s age. An evaluation and comparison of the models in subgroups is also provided. The chapter concludes with the hypotheses verification outcome. It is evidenced that only a professional life manager’s characteristics facilitate the formation of the decision-maker’s international orientation, and that IO positively influences firm internationalization outcomes. The conclusions of this book discuss the results, present the limitations of the study and display the avenues for further research. They also include recommendations for management practice.

(fragment of the introduction)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1.1. Firm Internationalization definitions

1.2. Firm competitiveness, competitive advantage and internationalization – an overview of theoretical perspectives from strategic management research

1.3. Classification of firm internationalization theories

1.4. Foreign direct investment theories explaining the emergence of Multinational Enterprises

1.5. Behavioral approaches explaining the emergence of international small and medium-sized companies

Summary: Theoretical foudations of SME internationalization

 

INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION OF THE DECISION-MAKER AS A DRIVER OF SME INTERNATIONALIZATION

2.1. Classification of SME internationalization determinants

2.2. International orientation – essence and related constructs

2.3. Dimensions of the international orientation concept

2.3.1. Manager’s age

2.3.2. Education level

2.3.3. International education

2.3.4. International childhood grounding

2.3.5. International work experience

2.3.6. Time spent abroad and foreign travels

2.3.7. Foreign language skills

2.4. The international orientation and SME internationalization relationship – literature review

Summary: Conceptual framework of international orientation of SME decision-makers

 

INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION AND THE SME INTERNATIONALIZATION DEGREE – A DESCRIPTION

OF THE RESEARCH CONCEPT AND RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. Indication of research gaps, specification of research objectives and hypotheses

3.2. Research method, sample composition, data collection, variables operationalization and the method of data analysis

Sample composition criteria

3.3. Characteristics of sampled population

3.3.1. General characteristics of surveyed SMEs

3.3.2. Internationalization level of the surveyed SMEs

3.3.3. Characteristics of SMEs in sub-groups 151

3.4. General characteristics of respondents – SME decision-makers

Summary: Sampled population characteristics

 

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF PLS-SEM

4.1. Conceptual model specification

4.2. Main PLS-SEM model evaluation

4.2.1. Measurement model evaluation

4.2.2. Structural model evaluation

4.3. PLS-SEM models in sub-groups – evaluation of results

4.3.1. SME size as a moderating variable

4.3.2. SME international experience as a moderating variable

4.3.3. SME key decision-maker’s age as a moderating variable

4.3.4. Comparison of sub-group results

Summary: The outcome of the hypotheses verification

 

CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER

RESEARCH

Bibliography

List of figures

List of table

Appendix

 

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