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INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

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INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

Knowledge economy sets new rules for the functi oning of the economic entities and the market. The development of the organisations depends on knowledge management, organisational learning, creativity, innovativeness and the organisation's ability to cooperate. Creation of networks, focusing on cooperation and partnership are the main directi ons of the development of enterprises in the conditions of globalisation, increasing competition, diversity of organisations and strive to meet the growing expectations of stakeholders. Development of cooperation and business partnership is a source of new organisational concepts of organisations that allow one to respond to the challenges of a changing and increasingly complex environment. It results from the need for (and expectations of) flexibility and speed of action based on the knowledge and learning of modern organisations. Innovativeness of different types of network organisations and innovativeness of enterprises belonging to these networks become signifi cant. Franchise networks, clusters and virtual organisations are the examples of such innovative organisational forms.

Due to the scope of the subject, this monograph may be an important material for researchers from such fields of knowledge as: knowledge economy, innovativeness and network organisations and especially for entrepreneurs and managers who recognise its usefulness in an economic practice. It should be emphasised that the studies directly relating to the network organisations, particularly when one takes into account the criterion of network's size measured by the number of participants and the criterion of types of network organisations, are not particularly frequently conducted. This underlines the importance of the undertaken research subject relating to network organisations and their innovativeness and importance of this monograph dedicated to innovativeness of network organisations in the knowledge economy.

[[[separator]]]

Building a new economy, in which innovations play a vital role, becomes the main challenge for countries, regions and organisations of modern world. The aim is to strive to achieve a high level of development and competitiveness primarily through innovations under conditions of the knowledge economy

Knowledge economy is based on generating innovative ideas i.e. those that after the implementation bring material or social profits. Innovation is becoming not only a choice but a necessity. Competition in the knowledge economy refers to the speed of generating innovative ideas, related to the products and services, as well as to business processes (innovative reactions between people and technology), to organisational models (innovative connection between the structure of the organisation and management system), the environment in which organisations operate (an innovative relation between business, science and politics). Achieving the success in the knowledge economy requires radical changes in the way of management in both private and state enterprises, but also at the level of the region or state. One requires from governing body not only new knowledge and skills, but also a change in the current way of thinking, that is replacing the old knowledge with the one newly acquired. Knowledge and innovation are key factors in economic development, and are becoming even more important in knowledge economy.

The way to economic success and competitiveness leads through the acquisition and processing of the information and creation on their basis knowledge used then in a practical way to create and implement innovations. The transition to a knowledge economy is reflected primarily in the increased competitive advantage of countries and regions specialising in the production of highly processed and high-tech products.

Innovations in the age of the knowledge economy are an important factor of the competitiveness and in enterprises development. The development of innovativeness of companies and technologies in poland is currently funded both at the national level by the Innovative Economy Program and the Human Capital Program and at the regional level by the Regional Operational Programmes. The new strategy for the European Community development, i.e. the document "The European Union 2020" prepared by the European Commission is gaining on popularity.

Dynamics of changes in the environment makes that knowledge is rapidly devaluing, thus organisations must continually "learn", that is become "intelligent" focusing on the creation and management of knowledge. Enterprises have to create and cumulate competences which are based on the process of organisational learning. Strive to continuous expanding of knowledge, organisational learning, forces the state to create the appropriate conditions, relating for example to high spending on education, research and development; and effective cooperation between a state and an enterprise contemporary conditions for creation and implementation of innovation are characterised by unpredictable changes in the close and distant business environment. High intensity of market changes, not only is the result of introduced innovations, but also forces further changes, innovations, including the creation of the configuration of organisational units (partners), where participants submit their actions to achieve a common purpose and show a willingness to cooperate. They engage in various types of relations, strategic alliances - create network organisations.

Network structures as a concept of cooperation between economic entities are associated with technological changes in the market and growing international competition. Network organisation, also known as cross-organisational network is a form of relations between the various economic entities in the modern economy. It is based on a need for a comprehensive realisation of strategic objectives (implementation of corporate strategies of enterprises that participate in it). One of the primary goals of the network organisation is to achieve synergies that can be obtained through cooperation and collaboration of many partners. Mutual coordination, alignment in the area of operational procedures, technologies or infrastructures, common decision making in a designated area of cooperation, the repetitive nature of the exchange and cooperation covering a longer time horizon, contribute to a more efficient and economic functioning of network organisations, which enables to compete with companies from outside this structure. Network organisations may take the following forms: virtual organisation, strategic alliance, franchise and outsourcing.

The growing importance of innovation and the complexity of functioning determinants and development of enterprises operating in a changing environment, creating new opportunities and occasions, cause that research of innovativeness of network organisations becomes purposeful in the terms of the knowledge economy including innovativeness of network organisations as knowledge based organisations and learning organisations. In 2011, one did therefore undertake a research project No. 2011/01/B/HS4/04808 "Innovativeness of network organisations in the knowledge economy" funded by the National Science Centre.

In light of the foregoing considerations, an important research problem was to show the relations between the following categories: knowledge economy, network organisations and innovativeness. Particularly important was to identify innovative-ness determinants of network organisations in the context of the challenges of the knowledge economy. The following research questions were raised:

P.1. Does the knowledge economy create conditions conducive to the creation and functioning of network organisations?

P.2. Does knowledge economy foster innovativeness and efficiency of network organisations?

P.3. What is the meaning and determinants of innovativeness of network organisations?

P.4. Does knowledge management promote innovativeness of network organisations?

P.5. Is network organisation a learning organisation in the context of its innovativeness?

P.6. Are there any differences between the level of innovativeness and its determinants in virtual organisations, clusters and franchise networks?

The results of empirical studies allowed to obtain answers to the formulated research questions. On this basis one can make conclusions about the relationship between innovativeness, network structures and knowledge economy

The obtained results of the research project were presented in the hereby study. An empirical study was carried out in 2013 in a group of 363 companies belonging to the organisations, which can be defined as network organisations, conducting their businesses on the territory of Poland. Research population covered enterprises which were members of franchise networks (121 companies), clusters (121 companies) and virtual organisations (121 enterprises). One has used, for the purpose of the research, a quota sampling.

In order to identify the phenomenon of networks organisations innovativeness, the quantitative study was conducted using an interview questionnaire containing 34 research questions. The study was carried out using the technique of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). Interviews were conducted in the respondents company and concerned the assessment of the problem from the perspective of companies belonging to the network and the network to which the analysed company belongs.

The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of network organisations' innovativeness in Poland in the years 2007-2012 with particular emphasis on clusters, virtual organisations and franchise networks. Respondents were classified according to the type of a network, as well as to other criteria, such as: the number of employees in a company belonging to the network, the nature of business of enterprise belong-ing to the network, the role of companies in the network (network organisation), the number of participants in the network, the stage of networks development and networks range of operation.

Detailed distribution of analysed economic entities is presented at the end of the book in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. The vast majority of surveyed companies belonged to micro-enterprises (59%), operating in the service sector (57.6%), and acting as a network participant (63.9%). The study included mainly those enterprises, which belonged to the network with up to 10 participants (42.4%) and networks in the maturity stage of development (45.2%) with domestic (35%) and regional (34.4%) range. This distribution of responses makes the information obtained from the respondents of a high cognitive and practical value, especially due to the networks stage of development, to which surveyed companies belong.

This study consists of nine chapters. In the first chapter one presents considerations regarding conditions of development of network organisation in the knowledge economy. The second chapter shows opportunities and barriers of functioning of these organisations. The third chapter highlights the significance of features of a learning organisation for network organisations and of their innovativeness and it is an attempt to assess network organisations with accordance to that The fourth chapter underlines the complexity of the phenomenon of knowledge management and the relations of network organisations with innovativeness. The fifth chapter concerns the effectiveness of network organisations and measures of their innovativeness in this context. Chapter six presents the determinants of network organisations' innovativeness. The ways of implementing innovations, sources, types of implemented innova-tions and their benefits are presented in this chapter too. A measure of innovative activity of network organisations was the number of implemented innovations. The analysis of the innovativeness' conditions of franchise networks (Chapter 7), virtual organisations (Chapter 8) and clusters (Chapter 9) are presented in further chapters. Each chapter ends with a summary of research results.

Due to the wide spectrum of concerned subjects, this study can provide material for researchers of the knowledge economy, innovativeness and network organisations, and especially for entrepreneurs and managers who recognise its usefulness in economic practice. It should be emphasised that the studies directly relating to network organisations, especially when taking into account the criterion of networks size measured by the number of its participants and the criterion of types of network organisations are relatively few in numbers This underlines the importance of the undertaken research subject relating to network organisations and their innovativeness, as well as the importance of this publication dedicated to determinants of network organisations' innovativeness in the knowledge economy.

[[[separator]]]

INTRODUCTION

 

Barbara Bojewska

CHAPTER I. DETERMINANTS OF NETWORKORGANISATIONS' DEVELOPMENTIN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

1.1. Introduction

1.2. The development of network organisations depending on the characteristics of the environment

1.3. The importance of management concepts in the development of network organisations in the knowledge economy

1.4. The importance of projects in the development of network organisations

1.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Skowronek-Mielczarek

CHAPTER II. OPPORTUNITIES AND B ARRIERS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NETWORK ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Determinants of network organisations' creation

2.3. Barriers in establishing and conducting cooperation within network organisations

2.4. Common actions implemented within network organisations

2.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Barbara Bojewska

CHAPTER III. THE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AS LEARNING ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

 

3.1. Introduction

3.2. A ctions of network organisations as knowledge organisations

3.3. Characteristics of network organisations as learning organisations

3.4. Instruments that support the development of network organisations as learning organisations

3.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Agnieszka Sopińska

CHAPTER IV. PHENOMENON AND DETERMINANTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR INNOVATIVENESS

4.1. Introduction

4.2. The way of acquiring knowledge in network organisations and its determinants

4.3. The way of using knowledge by network organisations and its determinants

4.4. Characteristics of knowledge exchange process in network organisations and its determinants

4.4.1. The scope of knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.2. Areas which are affected by the knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.3. The direction of knowledge flow in the network

4.4.4. The level of payment for knowledge exchange in the network organisations

4.4.5. The level of formalisation of knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.6. Decision-maker of knowledge exchange in the network organisations

4.5. Knowledge management strategies used in network organisations and their determinants

4.6. The advancement level of building knowledge management system and its determinants

4.7. Knowledge management compared to the innovativeness of network organisations

4.7.1. The advancement level of building knowledge management system compared to the innovativeness of network organisation

4.7.2. Knowledge management strategies compared to innovativeness of network organisation

4.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Skowronek-Mielczarek

CHAPTER V. THE EFFICIENCY IN NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AND MEASURES OF THEIR INNOVATIVENESS

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Effectiveness dimensions of network organisations

5.3. Economic and financial effectiveness of network organisations in Polish economic practice

5.4. O rganisational effectiveness in the processes of network organisation's management compared to business practice

5.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Marta Ziołkowska

CHAPTER VI. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Premises for implementing innovation in network organisations

6.3. Innovative activity of network organisations

6.4. Types of innovations in network organisations

6.5. Sources of innovation in network organisations

6.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in network organisations

6.7. Summary

Bibliography

 

Marta Ziółkowska

CHAPTER VII. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF FRANCHISE ORGANISATIONS

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Premises for implementing innovations in franchise organisations

7.3. Innovative activity of franchise organisations

7.4. Types of innovations in franchise organisations

7.5. Sources of innovation in franchise organisations

7.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in franchise companies

7.7. F actors encouraging and limiting innovative activity of franchise organisations

7.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

Agata Rundo

CHAPTER VIII. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONS

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Premises for implementing innovations in virtual organisations

8.3. Innovative activity of virtual organisations

8.4. Types of innovations in virtual organisations

8.5. Sources of innovation in virtual organisations

8.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in virtual organisations

8.7. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Dąbrowska

CHAPTER IX. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF CLUSTERS

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Characteristics of clusters as network

9.3. Premises for implementing innovations in clusters

9.4. Innovative activity of clusters

9.5. Types of innovations in clusters

9.6. Sources of innovation in clusters

9.7. Benefits of implementing innovations in clusters

9.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

APPENDIX NO. 1

APPENDIX NO. 2

 

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

Opis

Wydanie: 1
Rok wydania: 2014
Wydawnictwo: Oficyna Wydawnicza
Oprawa: miękka
Format: B5
Liczba stron: 297

Knowledge economy sets new rules for the functi oning of the economic entities and the market. The development of the organisations depends on knowledge management, organisational learning, creativity, innovativeness and the organisation's ability to cooperate. Creation of networks, focusing on cooperation and partnership are the main directi ons of the development of enterprises in the conditions of globalisation, increasing competition, diversity of organisations and strive to meet the growing expectations of stakeholders. Development of cooperation and business partnership is a source of new organisational concepts of organisations that allow one to respond to the challenges of a changing and increasingly complex environment. It results from the need for (and expectations of) flexibility and speed of action based on the knowledge and learning of modern organisations. Innovativeness of different types of network organisations and innovativeness of enterprises belonging to these networks become signifi cant. Franchise networks, clusters and virtual organisations are the examples of such innovative organisational forms.

Due to the scope of the subject, this monograph may be an important material for researchers from such fields of knowledge as: knowledge economy, innovativeness and network organisations and especially for entrepreneurs and managers who recognise its usefulness in an economic practice. It should be emphasised that the studies directly relating to the network organisations, particularly when one takes into account the criterion of network's size measured by the number of participants and the criterion of types of network organisations, are not particularly frequently conducted. This underlines the importance of the undertaken research subject relating to network organisations and their innovativeness and importance of this monograph dedicated to innovativeness of network organisations in the knowledge economy.

Wstęp

Building a new economy, in which innovations play a vital role, becomes the main challenge for countries, regions and organisations of modern world. The aim is to strive to achieve a high level of development and competitiveness primarily through innovations under conditions of the knowledge economy

Knowledge economy is based on generating innovative ideas i.e. those that after the implementation bring material or social profits. Innovation is becoming not only a choice but a necessity. Competition in the knowledge economy refers to the speed of generating innovative ideas, related to the products and services, as well as to business processes (innovative reactions between people and technology), to organisational models (innovative connection between the structure of the organisation and management system), the environment in which organisations operate (an innovative relation between business, science and politics). Achieving the success in the knowledge economy requires radical changes in the way of management in both private and state enterprises, but also at the level of the region or state. One requires from governing body not only new knowledge and skills, but also a change in the current way of thinking, that is replacing the old knowledge with the one newly acquired. Knowledge and innovation are key factors in economic development, and are becoming even more important in knowledge economy.

The way to economic success and competitiveness leads through the acquisition and processing of the information and creation on their basis knowledge used then in a practical way to create and implement innovations. The transition to a knowledge economy is reflected primarily in the increased competitive advantage of countries and regions specialising in the production of highly processed and high-tech products.

Innovations in the age of the knowledge economy are an important factor of the competitiveness and in enterprises development. The development of innovativeness of companies and technologies in poland is currently funded both at the national level by the Innovative Economy Program and the Human Capital Program and at the regional level by the Regional Operational Programmes. The new strategy for the European Community development, i.e. the document "The European Union 2020" prepared by the European Commission is gaining on popularity.

Dynamics of changes in the environment makes that knowledge is rapidly devaluing, thus organisations must continually "learn", that is become "intelligent" focusing on the creation and management of knowledge. Enterprises have to create and cumulate competences which are based on the process of organisational learning. Strive to continuous expanding of knowledge, organisational learning, forces the state to create the appropriate conditions, relating for example to high spending on education, research and development; and effective cooperation between a state and an enterprise contemporary conditions for creation and implementation of innovation are characterised by unpredictable changes in the close and distant business environment. High intensity of market changes, not only is the result of introduced innovations, but also forces further changes, innovations, including the creation of the configuration of organisational units (partners), where participants submit their actions to achieve a common purpose and show a willingness to cooperate. They engage in various types of relations, strategic alliances - create network organisations.

Network structures as a concept of cooperation between economic entities are associated with technological changes in the market and growing international competition. Network organisation, also known as cross-organisational network is a form of relations between the various economic entities in the modern economy. It is based on a need for a comprehensive realisation of strategic objectives (implementation of corporate strategies of enterprises that participate in it). One of the primary goals of the network organisation is to achieve synergies that can be obtained through cooperation and collaboration of many partners. Mutual coordination, alignment in the area of operational procedures, technologies or infrastructures, common decision making in a designated area of cooperation, the repetitive nature of the exchange and cooperation covering a longer time horizon, contribute to a more efficient and economic functioning of network organisations, which enables to compete with companies from outside this structure. Network organisations may take the following forms: virtual organisation, strategic alliance, franchise and outsourcing.

The growing importance of innovation and the complexity of functioning determinants and development of enterprises operating in a changing environment, creating new opportunities and occasions, cause that research of innovativeness of network organisations becomes purposeful in the terms of the knowledge economy including innovativeness of network organisations as knowledge based organisations and learning organisations. In 2011, one did therefore undertake a research project No. 2011/01/B/HS4/04808 "Innovativeness of network organisations in the knowledge economy" funded by the National Science Centre.

In light of the foregoing considerations, an important research problem was to show the relations between the following categories: knowledge economy, network organisations and innovativeness. Particularly important was to identify innovative-ness determinants of network organisations in the context of the challenges of the knowledge economy. The following research questions were raised:

P.1. Does the knowledge economy create conditions conducive to the creation and functioning of network organisations?

P.2. Does knowledge economy foster innovativeness and efficiency of network organisations?

P.3. What is the meaning and determinants of innovativeness of network organisations?

P.4. Does knowledge management promote innovativeness of network organisations?

P.5. Is network organisation a learning organisation in the context of its innovativeness?

P.6. Are there any differences between the level of innovativeness and its determinants in virtual organisations, clusters and franchise networks?

The results of empirical studies allowed to obtain answers to the formulated research questions. On this basis one can make conclusions about the relationship between innovativeness, network structures and knowledge economy

The obtained results of the research project were presented in the hereby study. An empirical study was carried out in 2013 in a group of 363 companies belonging to the organisations, which can be defined as network organisations, conducting their businesses on the territory of Poland. Research population covered enterprises which were members of franchise networks (121 companies), clusters (121 companies) and virtual organisations (121 enterprises). One has used, for the purpose of the research, a quota sampling.

In order to identify the phenomenon of networks organisations innovativeness, the quantitative study was conducted using an interview questionnaire containing 34 research questions. The study was carried out using the technique of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). Interviews were conducted in the respondents company and concerned the assessment of the problem from the perspective of companies belonging to the network and the network to which the analysed company belongs.

The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of network organisations' innovativeness in Poland in the years 2007-2012 with particular emphasis on clusters, virtual organisations and franchise networks. Respondents were classified according to the type of a network, as well as to other criteria, such as: the number of employees in a company belonging to the network, the nature of business of enterprise belong-ing to the network, the role of companies in the network (network organisation), the number of participants in the network, the stage of networks development and networks range of operation.

Detailed distribution of analysed economic entities is presented at the end of the book in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. The vast majority of surveyed companies belonged to micro-enterprises (59%), operating in the service sector (57.6%), and acting as a network participant (63.9%). The study included mainly those enterprises, which belonged to the network with up to 10 participants (42.4%) and networks in the maturity stage of development (45.2%) with domestic (35%) and regional (34.4%) range. This distribution of responses makes the information obtained from the respondents of a high cognitive and practical value, especially due to the networks stage of development, to which surveyed companies belong.

This study consists of nine chapters. In the first chapter one presents considerations regarding conditions of development of network organisation in the knowledge economy. The second chapter shows opportunities and barriers of functioning of these organisations. The third chapter highlights the significance of features of a learning organisation for network organisations and of their innovativeness and it is an attempt to assess network organisations with accordance to that The fourth chapter underlines the complexity of the phenomenon of knowledge management and the relations of network organisations with innovativeness. The fifth chapter concerns the effectiveness of network organisations and measures of their innovativeness in this context. Chapter six presents the determinants of network organisations' innovativeness. The ways of implementing innovations, sources, types of implemented innova-tions and their benefits are presented in this chapter too. A measure of innovative activity of network organisations was the number of implemented innovations. The analysis of the innovativeness' conditions of franchise networks (Chapter 7), virtual organisations (Chapter 8) and clusters (Chapter 9) are presented in further chapters. Each chapter ends with a summary of research results.

Due to the wide spectrum of concerned subjects, this study can provide material for researchers of the knowledge economy, innovativeness and network organisations, and especially for entrepreneurs and managers who recognise its usefulness in economic practice. It should be emphasised that the studies directly relating to network organisations, especially when taking into account the criterion of networks size measured by the number of its participants and the criterion of types of network organisations are relatively few in numbers This underlines the importance of the undertaken research subject relating to network organisations and their innovativeness, as well as the importance of this publication dedicated to determinants of network organisations' innovativeness in the knowledge economy.

Spis treści

INTRODUCTION

 

Barbara Bojewska

CHAPTER I. DETERMINANTS OF NETWORKORGANISATIONS' DEVELOPMENTIN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

1.1. Introduction

1.2. The development of network organisations depending on the characteristics of the environment

1.3. The importance of management concepts in the development of network organisations in the knowledge economy

1.4. The importance of projects in the development of network organisations

1.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Skowronek-Mielczarek

CHAPTER II. OPPORTUNITIES AND B ARRIERS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NETWORK ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Determinants of network organisations' creation

2.3. Barriers in establishing and conducting cooperation within network organisations

2.4. Common actions implemented within network organisations

2.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Barbara Bojewska

CHAPTER III. THE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AS LEARNING ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

 

3.1. Introduction

3.2. A ctions of network organisations as knowledge organisations

3.3. Characteristics of network organisations as learning organisations

3.4. Instruments that support the development of network organisations as learning organisations

3.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Agnieszka Sopińska

CHAPTER IV. PHENOMENON AND DETERMINANTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR INNOVATIVENESS

4.1. Introduction

4.2. The way of acquiring knowledge in network organisations and its determinants

4.3. The way of using knowledge by network organisations and its determinants

4.4. Characteristics of knowledge exchange process in network organisations and its determinants

4.4.1. The scope of knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.2. Areas which are affected by the knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.3. The direction of knowledge flow in the network

4.4.4. The level of payment for knowledge exchange in the network organisations

4.4.5. The level of formalisation of knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.6. Decision-maker of knowledge exchange in the network organisations

4.5. Knowledge management strategies used in network organisations and their determinants

4.6. The advancement level of building knowledge management system and its determinants

4.7. Knowledge management compared to the innovativeness of network organisations

4.7.1. The advancement level of building knowledge management system compared to the innovativeness of network organisation

4.7.2. Knowledge management strategies compared to innovativeness of network organisation

4.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Skowronek-Mielczarek

CHAPTER V. THE EFFICIENCY IN NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AND MEASURES OF THEIR INNOVATIVENESS

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Effectiveness dimensions of network organisations

5.3. Economic and financial effectiveness of network organisations in Polish economic practice

5.4. O rganisational effectiveness in the processes of network organisation's management compared to business practice

5.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Marta Ziołkowska

CHAPTER VI. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Premises for implementing innovation in network organisations

6.3. Innovative activity of network organisations

6.4. Types of innovations in network organisations

6.5. Sources of innovation in network organisations

6.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in network organisations

6.7. Summary

Bibliography

 

Marta Ziółkowska

CHAPTER VII. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF FRANCHISE ORGANISATIONS

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Premises for implementing innovations in franchise organisations

7.3. Innovative activity of franchise organisations

7.4. Types of innovations in franchise organisations

7.5. Sources of innovation in franchise organisations

7.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in franchise companies

7.7. F actors encouraging and limiting innovative activity of franchise organisations

7.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

Agata Rundo

CHAPTER VIII. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONS

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Premises for implementing innovations in virtual organisations

8.3. Innovative activity of virtual organisations

8.4. Types of innovations in virtual organisations

8.5. Sources of innovation in virtual organisations

8.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in virtual organisations

8.7. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Dąbrowska

CHAPTER IX. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF CLUSTERS

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Characteristics of clusters as network

9.3. Premises for implementing innovations in clusters

9.4. Innovative activity of clusters

9.5. Types of innovations in clusters

9.6. Sources of innovation in clusters

9.7. Benefits of implementing innovations in clusters

9.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

APPENDIX NO. 1

APPENDIX NO. 2

 

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

Opinie

Twoja ocena:
Wydanie: 1
Rok wydania: 2014
Wydawnictwo: Oficyna Wydawnicza
Oprawa: miękka
Format: B5
Liczba stron: 297

Knowledge economy sets new rules for the functi oning of the economic entities and the market. The development of the organisations depends on knowledge management, organisational learning, creativity, innovativeness and the organisation's ability to cooperate. Creation of networks, focusing on cooperation and partnership are the main directi ons of the development of enterprises in the conditions of globalisation, increasing competition, diversity of organisations and strive to meet the growing expectations of stakeholders. Development of cooperation and business partnership is a source of new organisational concepts of organisations that allow one to respond to the challenges of a changing and increasingly complex environment. It results from the need for (and expectations of) flexibility and speed of action based on the knowledge and learning of modern organisations. Innovativeness of different types of network organisations and innovativeness of enterprises belonging to these networks become signifi cant. Franchise networks, clusters and virtual organisations are the examples of such innovative organisational forms.

Due to the scope of the subject, this monograph may be an important material for researchers from such fields of knowledge as: knowledge economy, innovativeness and network organisations and especially for entrepreneurs and managers who recognise its usefulness in an economic practice. It should be emphasised that the studies directly relating to the network organisations, particularly when one takes into account the criterion of network's size measured by the number of participants and the criterion of types of network organisations, are not particularly frequently conducted. This underlines the importance of the undertaken research subject relating to network organisations and their innovativeness and importance of this monograph dedicated to innovativeness of network organisations in the knowledge economy.

Building a new economy, in which innovations play a vital role, becomes the main challenge for countries, regions and organisations of modern world. The aim is to strive to achieve a high level of development and competitiveness primarily through innovations under conditions of the knowledge economy

Knowledge economy is based on generating innovative ideas i.e. those that after the implementation bring material or social profits. Innovation is becoming not only a choice but a necessity. Competition in the knowledge economy refers to the speed of generating innovative ideas, related to the products and services, as well as to business processes (innovative reactions between people and technology), to organisational models (innovative connection between the structure of the organisation and management system), the environment in which organisations operate (an innovative relation between business, science and politics). Achieving the success in the knowledge economy requires radical changes in the way of management in both private and state enterprises, but also at the level of the region or state. One requires from governing body not only new knowledge and skills, but also a change in the current way of thinking, that is replacing the old knowledge with the one newly acquired. Knowledge and innovation are key factors in economic development, and are becoming even more important in knowledge economy.

The way to economic success and competitiveness leads through the acquisition and processing of the information and creation on their basis knowledge used then in a practical way to create and implement innovations. The transition to a knowledge economy is reflected primarily in the increased competitive advantage of countries and regions specialising in the production of highly processed and high-tech products.

Innovations in the age of the knowledge economy are an important factor of the competitiveness and in enterprises development. The development of innovativeness of companies and technologies in poland is currently funded both at the national level by the Innovative Economy Program and the Human Capital Program and at the regional level by the Regional Operational Programmes. The new strategy for the European Community development, i.e. the document "The European Union 2020" prepared by the European Commission is gaining on popularity.

Dynamics of changes in the environment makes that knowledge is rapidly devaluing, thus organisations must continually "learn", that is become "intelligent" focusing on the creation and management of knowledge. Enterprises have to create and cumulate competences which are based on the process of organisational learning. Strive to continuous expanding of knowledge, organisational learning, forces the state to create the appropriate conditions, relating for example to high spending on education, research and development; and effective cooperation between a state and an enterprise contemporary conditions for creation and implementation of innovation are characterised by unpredictable changes in the close and distant business environment. High intensity of market changes, not only is the result of introduced innovations, but also forces further changes, innovations, including the creation of the configuration of organisational units (partners), where participants submit their actions to achieve a common purpose and show a willingness to cooperate. They engage in various types of relations, strategic alliances - create network organisations.

Network structures as a concept of cooperation between economic entities are associated with technological changes in the market and growing international competition. Network organisation, also known as cross-organisational network is a form of relations between the various economic entities in the modern economy. It is based on a need for a comprehensive realisation of strategic objectives (implementation of corporate strategies of enterprises that participate in it). One of the primary goals of the network organisation is to achieve synergies that can be obtained through cooperation and collaboration of many partners. Mutual coordination, alignment in the area of operational procedures, technologies or infrastructures, common decision making in a designated area of cooperation, the repetitive nature of the exchange and cooperation covering a longer time horizon, contribute to a more efficient and economic functioning of network organisations, which enables to compete with companies from outside this structure. Network organisations may take the following forms: virtual organisation, strategic alliance, franchise and outsourcing.

The growing importance of innovation and the complexity of functioning determinants and development of enterprises operating in a changing environment, creating new opportunities and occasions, cause that research of innovativeness of network organisations becomes purposeful in the terms of the knowledge economy including innovativeness of network organisations as knowledge based organisations and learning organisations. In 2011, one did therefore undertake a research project No. 2011/01/B/HS4/04808 "Innovativeness of network organisations in the knowledge economy" funded by the National Science Centre.

In light of the foregoing considerations, an important research problem was to show the relations between the following categories: knowledge economy, network organisations and innovativeness. Particularly important was to identify innovative-ness determinants of network organisations in the context of the challenges of the knowledge economy. The following research questions were raised:

P.1. Does the knowledge economy create conditions conducive to the creation and functioning of network organisations?

P.2. Does knowledge economy foster innovativeness and efficiency of network organisations?

P.3. What is the meaning and determinants of innovativeness of network organisations?

P.4. Does knowledge management promote innovativeness of network organisations?

P.5. Is network organisation a learning organisation in the context of its innovativeness?

P.6. Are there any differences between the level of innovativeness and its determinants in virtual organisations, clusters and franchise networks?

The results of empirical studies allowed to obtain answers to the formulated research questions. On this basis one can make conclusions about the relationship between innovativeness, network structures and knowledge economy

The obtained results of the research project were presented in the hereby study. An empirical study was carried out in 2013 in a group of 363 companies belonging to the organisations, which can be defined as network organisations, conducting their businesses on the territory of Poland. Research population covered enterprises which were members of franchise networks (121 companies), clusters (121 companies) and virtual organisations (121 enterprises). One has used, for the purpose of the research, a quota sampling.

In order to identify the phenomenon of networks organisations innovativeness, the quantitative study was conducted using an interview questionnaire containing 34 research questions. The study was carried out using the technique of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). Interviews were conducted in the respondents company and concerned the assessment of the problem from the perspective of companies belonging to the network and the network to which the analysed company belongs.

The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of network organisations' innovativeness in Poland in the years 2007-2012 with particular emphasis on clusters, virtual organisations and franchise networks. Respondents were classified according to the type of a network, as well as to other criteria, such as: the number of employees in a company belonging to the network, the nature of business of enterprise belong-ing to the network, the role of companies in the network (network organisation), the number of participants in the network, the stage of networks development and networks range of operation.

Detailed distribution of analysed economic entities is presented at the end of the book in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. The vast majority of surveyed companies belonged to micro-enterprises (59%), operating in the service sector (57.6%), and acting as a network participant (63.9%). The study included mainly those enterprises, which belonged to the network with up to 10 participants (42.4%) and networks in the maturity stage of development (45.2%) with domestic (35%) and regional (34.4%) range. This distribution of responses makes the information obtained from the respondents of a high cognitive and practical value, especially due to the networks stage of development, to which surveyed companies belong.

This study consists of nine chapters. In the first chapter one presents considerations regarding conditions of development of network organisation in the knowledge economy. The second chapter shows opportunities and barriers of functioning of these organisations. The third chapter highlights the significance of features of a learning organisation for network organisations and of their innovativeness and it is an attempt to assess network organisations with accordance to that The fourth chapter underlines the complexity of the phenomenon of knowledge management and the relations of network organisations with innovativeness. The fifth chapter concerns the effectiveness of network organisations and measures of their innovativeness in this context. Chapter six presents the determinants of network organisations' innovativeness. The ways of implementing innovations, sources, types of implemented innova-tions and their benefits are presented in this chapter too. A measure of innovative activity of network organisations was the number of implemented innovations. The analysis of the innovativeness' conditions of franchise networks (Chapter 7), virtual organisations (Chapter 8) and clusters (Chapter 9) are presented in further chapters. Each chapter ends with a summary of research results.

Due to the wide spectrum of concerned subjects, this study can provide material for researchers of the knowledge economy, innovativeness and network organisations, and especially for entrepreneurs and managers who recognise its usefulness in economic practice. It should be emphasised that the studies directly relating to network organisations, especially when taking into account the criterion of networks size measured by the number of its participants and the criterion of types of network organisations are relatively few in numbers This underlines the importance of the undertaken research subject relating to network organisations and their innovativeness, as well as the importance of this publication dedicated to determinants of network organisations' innovativeness in the knowledge economy.

INTRODUCTION

 

Barbara Bojewska

CHAPTER I. DETERMINANTS OF NETWORKORGANISATIONS' DEVELOPMENTIN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

1.1. Introduction

1.2. The development of network organisations depending on the characteristics of the environment

1.3. The importance of management concepts in the development of network organisations in the knowledge economy

1.4. The importance of projects in the development of network organisations

1.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Skowronek-Mielczarek

CHAPTER II. OPPORTUNITIES AND B ARRIERS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NETWORK ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Determinants of network organisations' creation

2.3. Barriers in establishing and conducting cooperation within network organisations

2.4. Common actions implemented within network organisations

2.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Barbara Bojewska

CHAPTER III. THE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AS LEARNING ORGANISATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

 

3.1. Introduction

3.2. A ctions of network organisations as knowledge organisations

3.3. Characteristics of network organisations as learning organisations

3.4. Instruments that support the development of network organisations as learning organisations

3.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Agnieszka Sopińska

CHAPTER IV. PHENOMENON AND DETERMINANTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR INNOVATIVENESS

4.1. Introduction

4.2. The way of acquiring knowledge in network organisations and its determinants

4.3. The way of using knowledge by network organisations and its determinants

4.4. Characteristics of knowledge exchange process in network organisations and its determinants

4.4.1. The scope of knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.2. Areas which are affected by the knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.3. The direction of knowledge flow in the network

4.4.4. The level of payment for knowledge exchange in the network organisations

4.4.5. The level of formalisation of knowledge exchange in the network

4.4.6. Decision-maker of knowledge exchange in the network organisations

4.5. Knowledge management strategies used in network organisations and their determinants

4.6. The advancement level of building knowledge management system and its determinants

4.7. Knowledge management compared to the innovativeness of network organisations

4.7.1. The advancement level of building knowledge management system compared to the innovativeness of network organisation

4.7.2. Knowledge management strategies compared to innovativeness of network organisation

4.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Skowronek-Mielczarek

CHAPTER V. THE EFFICIENCY IN NETWORK ORGANISATIONS AND MEASURES OF THEIR INNOVATIVENESS

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Effectiveness dimensions of network organisations

5.3. Economic and financial effectiveness of network organisations in Polish economic practice

5.4. O rganisational effectiveness in the processes of network organisation's management compared to business practice

5.5. Summary

Bibliography

 

Marta Ziołkowska

CHAPTER VI. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF NETWORK ORGANISATIONS

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Premises for implementing innovation in network organisations

6.3. Innovative activity of network organisations

6.4. Types of innovations in network organisations

6.5. Sources of innovation in network organisations

6.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in network organisations

6.7. Summary

Bibliography

 

Marta Ziółkowska

CHAPTER VII. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF FRANCHISE ORGANISATIONS

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Premises for implementing innovations in franchise organisations

7.3. Innovative activity of franchise organisations

7.4. Types of innovations in franchise organisations

7.5. Sources of innovation in franchise organisations

7.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in franchise companies

7.7. F actors encouraging and limiting innovative activity of franchise organisations

7.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

Agata Rundo

CHAPTER VIII. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONS

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Premises for implementing innovations in virtual organisations

8.3. Innovative activity of virtual organisations

8.4. Types of innovations in virtual organisations

8.5. Sources of innovation in virtual organisations

8.6. Benefits of implementing innovations in virtual organisations

8.7. Summary

Bibliography

 

Anna Dąbrowska

CHAPTER IX. INNOVATIVENESS DETERMINANTS OF CLUSTERS

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Characteristics of clusters as network

9.3. Premises for implementing innovations in clusters

9.4. Innovative activity of clusters

9.5. Types of innovations in clusters

9.6. Sources of innovation in clusters

9.7. Benefits of implementing innovations in clusters

9.8. Summary

Bibliography

 

APPENDIX NO. 1

APPENDIX NO. 2

 

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

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