[[[separator]]]
In the first chapter entitled Old and New Industrial Policy in the World, Anna Duszak, following Evenett, Jakubik, Martín and Ruta [2024], argues that industrial policy, in a broad sense, has been omnipresent in advanced economies. It is particularly common in the case of endeavours characterised by substantial economies of scale (e.g. infrastructural), risky projects with high potential gains (e.g. innovative), connected with national safety (e.g. related to the critical infrastructure) and those with substantial positive externalities (e.g. having substantial social impact). This book includes texts which provide examples of such situations. In the chapter entitled Political Competition and Private Participation in Infrastructure, Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya discuss involvement of private entities in partially publicly funded infrastructural project. The chapter entitled The Impact of Patent Rights on Industry Competition: An Overview written by Jacek Prokop and the following chapter Markets and Competition Dynamics with Imperfect Patent Protection by Marek Dietl concern innovative products – the ones that can gain patent protection, while others are related to public procurement. The chapter entitled AI and the Energy Dimension: The Development of Artificial Intelligence as an Opportunity and a Challenge for the Energy Sector written by Łukasz Kryśkiewicz concerns the AI and energy sectors and in their chapter entitled Subsidy Competition in European Football: A Case of Poland, Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok analyse the importance of public subsidies for the development of football clubs, also at the semi-professional level. Furthermore, our analyses illustrate the changing nature of industrial policy, which has been adapted to a more complex structure of modern economies, reflecting technological progress as well as evolving social norms and introduction of new ideas within governmental structural and policy toolboxes. Anna Duszak in her chapter refers to the article by Aiginger and Rodrik, in which they point out to four main differences between traditional and modern industry policy. Firstly, in line with evolving economy structure in the most developed countries, the service sector has also a more prominent role, not only the manufacturing industry. Anna Duszak, Jacek Prokop, Łukasz Skrok This concerns both newer and more traditional business – Łukasz Kryśkiewicz discusses the importance of the AI sector, while the study done by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok refers to the sports sector. Secondly, governments tend to delegate production to the private sector rather than to the fully owned state companies. This aspect is reflected in chapters about private involvement in infrastructural projects by Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya, about public procurement by Marek Dietl and about subsidising sports by the local government units by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok. Thirdly, modern industrial policy tends to be more integrated into broader social and economic policies. We provide such examples in the analyses of patents made by Jacek Prokop and Marek Dietl – a key element of the traditional innovation policy, which illustrate potentially conflicting policy aims (supporting innovation and growth and protecting consumers and markets from monopolisation and cartelisation), as well as an analysis presented by Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya of interaction between institutional characteristics of political system and resulting intensity of competition between political parties, and state capacity to conduct more complex projects. The work done by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok refers to promotion of sports activity. Lastly, modern industrial policy is often shifted towards supporting enhancements of resources and energy use as well as environmental and labour market goals. In line with these topics, Bartłomiej Wiśnicki and Marek Szyl investigate the empirical relation between gender diversity of board levels in companies and their financial performance in their chapter entitled Gender Diversity in the Company Management and its Financial Performance. Łukasz Kryśkiewicz discusses the interplay between AI and energetic efficiency of the economy. Anna Duszak also points out that one of the limitations of designing industry policies is the limited data availability that hinders possibilities of rigorous empirical evaluations. Indeed, at the state level, with the complexities of economic processes and structures, a relatively low number of comparable countries and impracticalities of conducting macroeconomic experiments, the identification problem is a crucial consideration. Therefore, as proved by the development of both experimentaland quasi-experimental in some contexts, local application of policies might provide a testing ground. While our analyses are more modest and do not employ tools allowing for causal inference in the context of potential reciprocal causality, we do provide examples of empirical analyses at the microeconomic level – companies (Wiśnicki and Szyl), projects (Moszoro and Araya) and local government units (Lubasiński and Skrok). In particular, in the latter case, spatial interaction between the scale of sports-supporting policies of nearby local governments is shown to have been significant. Indeed, as Kahn, and Chan, Savage and Torgler argued, sports industry can provide a laboratory for more general policies and economic theories. Nevertheless, empirical analyses by Moszoro, Lubasiński and Skrok, Wiśnicki and Szyl contained in this book further confirm that the complexity of the social and political context sometimes hinders clear identification of hypothesised impact of relatively straightforward measures (e.g. that of political worldview or partisan support as well as gender diversity) on economic outcomes. Finally, a common theme of the majority of chapters provided by us further emphasise a well-known – at least in economics – truth, that competition matters a lot. Intensity of market competition matters for assessment of patent policy (Prokop), while introduction of market competition as such might be socially inefficient (Dietl). Political competition matters for publicly overseen projects (Moszoro and Araya). Market structure, through the size of companies, matters for social dynamics of managerial framework in companies (Wiśnicki and Szyl). Spatial competition from neighbouring regions matters for effectiveness of local governments in supporting developing quality-of-life-enhancing industries (Lubasiński and Skrok).
(introduction)
[[[separator]]]
INTRODUCTION
Anna Duszak, Jacek Prokop, Łukasz Skrok
OLD AND NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE WORLD
Anna Duszak
AI AND THE ENERGY DIMENSION: DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN OPPORTUNITY AND A CHALLENGE FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR
Łukasz Kryśkiewicz
POLITICAL COMPETITION AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN INFRASTRUCTURE
Marian W. Moszoro, Gonzalo Araya
GENDER DIVERSITY IN THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT AND ITS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Bartłomiej Wiśnicki, Marek Szyl
IMPACT OF PATENT RIGHTS ON INDUSTRY COMPETITION: AN OVERVIEW
Jacek Prokop
MARKETS AND COMPETITION DYNAMICS WITH IMPERFECT PATENT PROTECTION
Marek Dietl
SUBSIDY COMPETITION IN EUROPEAN FOOTBALL: A CASE OF POLAND
Jędrzej Lubasińki, Łukasz Skrok
List of Figures
List of Tables
Opis
Wstęp
In the first chapter entitled Old and New Industrial Policy in the World, Anna Duszak, following Evenett, Jakubik, Martín and Ruta [2024], argues that industrial policy, in a broad sense, has been omnipresent in advanced economies. It is particularly common in the case of endeavours characterised by substantial economies of scale (e.g. infrastructural), risky projects with high potential gains (e.g. innovative), connected with national safety (e.g. related to the critical infrastructure) and those with substantial positive externalities (e.g. having substantial social impact). This book includes texts which provide examples of such situations. In the chapter entitled Political Competition and Private Participation in Infrastructure, Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya discuss involvement of private entities in partially publicly funded infrastructural project. The chapter entitled The Impact of Patent Rights on Industry Competition: An Overview written by Jacek Prokop and the following chapter Markets and Competition Dynamics with Imperfect Patent Protection by Marek Dietl concern innovative products – the ones that can gain patent protection, while others are related to public procurement. The chapter entitled AI and the Energy Dimension: The Development of Artificial Intelligence as an Opportunity and a Challenge for the Energy Sector written by Łukasz Kryśkiewicz concerns the AI and energy sectors and in their chapter entitled Subsidy Competition in European Football: A Case of Poland, Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok analyse the importance of public subsidies for the development of football clubs, also at the semi-professional level. Furthermore, our analyses illustrate the changing nature of industrial policy, which has been adapted to a more complex structure of modern economies, reflecting technological progress as well as evolving social norms and introduction of new ideas within governmental structural and policy toolboxes. Anna Duszak in her chapter refers to the article by Aiginger and Rodrik, in which they point out to four main differences between traditional and modern industry policy. Firstly, in line with evolving economy structure in the most developed countries, the service sector has also a more prominent role, not only the manufacturing industry. Anna Duszak, Jacek Prokop, Łukasz Skrok This concerns both newer and more traditional business – Łukasz Kryśkiewicz discusses the importance of the AI sector, while the study done by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok refers to the sports sector. Secondly, governments tend to delegate production to the private sector rather than to the fully owned state companies. This aspect is reflected in chapters about private involvement in infrastructural projects by Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya, about public procurement by Marek Dietl and about subsidising sports by the local government units by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok. Thirdly, modern industrial policy tends to be more integrated into broader social and economic policies. We provide such examples in the analyses of patents made by Jacek Prokop and Marek Dietl – a key element of the traditional innovation policy, which illustrate potentially conflicting policy aims (supporting innovation and growth and protecting consumers and markets from monopolisation and cartelisation), as well as an analysis presented by Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya of interaction between institutional characteristics of political system and resulting intensity of competition between political parties, and state capacity to conduct more complex projects. The work done by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok refers to promotion of sports activity. Lastly, modern industrial policy is often shifted towards supporting enhancements of resources and energy use as well as environmental and labour market goals. In line with these topics, Bartłomiej Wiśnicki and Marek Szyl investigate the empirical relation between gender diversity of board levels in companies and their financial performance in their chapter entitled Gender Diversity in the Company Management and its Financial Performance. Łukasz Kryśkiewicz discusses the interplay between AI and energetic efficiency of the economy. Anna Duszak also points out that one of the limitations of designing industry policies is the limited data availability that hinders possibilities of rigorous empirical evaluations. Indeed, at the state level, with the complexities of economic processes and structures, a relatively low number of comparable countries and impracticalities of conducting macroeconomic experiments, the identification problem is a crucial consideration. Therefore, as proved by the development of both experimentaland quasi-experimental in some contexts, local application of policies might provide a testing ground. While our analyses are more modest and do not employ tools allowing for causal inference in the context of potential reciprocal causality, we do provide examples of empirical analyses at the microeconomic level – companies (Wiśnicki and Szyl), projects (Moszoro and Araya) and local government units (Lubasiński and Skrok). In particular, in the latter case, spatial interaction between the scale of sports-supporting policies of nearby local governments is shown to have been significant. Indeed, as Kahn, and Chan, Savage and Torgler argued, sports industry can provide a laboratory for more general policies and economic theories. Nevertheless, empirical analyses by Moszoro, Lubasiński and Skrok, Wiśnicki and Szyl contained in this book further confirm that the complexity of the social and political context sometimes hinders clear identification of hypothesised impact of relatively straightforward measures (e.g. that of political worldview or partisan support as well as gender diversity) on economic outcomes. Finally, a common theme of the majority of chapters provided by us further emphasise a well-known – at least in economics – truth, that competition matters a lot. Intensity of market competition matters for assessment of patent policy (Prokop), while introduction of market competition as such might be socially inefficient (Dietl). Political competition matters for publicly overseen projects (Moszoro and Araya). Market structure, through the size of companies, matters for social dynamics of managerial framework in companies (Wiśnicki and Szyl). Spatial competition from neighbouring regions matters for effectiveness of local governments in supporting developing quality-of-life-enhancing industries (Lubasiński and Skrok).
(introduction)
Spis treści
INTRODUCTION
Anna Duszak, Jacek Prokop, Łukasz Skrok
OLD AND NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE WORLD
Anna Duszak
AI AND THE ENERGY DIMENSION: DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN OPPORTUNITY AND A CHALLENGE FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR
Łukasz Kryśkiewicz
POLITICAL COMPETITION AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN INFRASTRUCTURE
Marian W. Moszoro, Gonzalo Araya
GENDER DIVERSITY IN THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT AND ITS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Bartłomiej Wiśnicki, Marek Szyl
IMPACT OF PATENT RIGHTS ON INDUSTRY COMPETITION: AN OVERVIEW
Jacek Prokop
MARKETS AND COMPETITION DYNAMICS WITH IMPERFECT PATENT PROTECTION
Marek Dietl
SUBSIDY COMPETITION IN EUROPEAN FOOTBALL: A CASE OF POLAND
Jędrzej Lubasińki, Łukasz Skrok
List of Figures
List of Tables
Opinie
In the first chapter entitled Old and New Industrial Policy in the World, Anna Duszak, following Evenett, Jakubik, Martín and Ruta [2024], argues that industrial policy, in a broad sense, has been omnipresent in advanced economies. It is particularly common in the case of endeavours characterised by substantial economies of scale (e.g. infrastructural), risky projects with high potential gains (e.g. innovative), connected with national safety (e.g. related to the critical infrastructure) and those with substantial positive externalities (e.g. having substantial social impact). This book includes texts which provide examples of such situations. In the chapter entitled Political Competition and Private Participation in Infrastructure, Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya discuss involvement of private entities in partially publicly funded infrastructural project. The chapter entitled The Impact of Patent Rights on Industry Competition: An Overview written by Jacek Prokop and the following chapter Markets and Competition Dynamics with Imperfect Patent Protection by Marek Dietl concern innovative products – the ones that can gain patent protection, while others are related to public procurement. The chapter entitled AI and the Energy Dimension: The Development of Artificial Intelligence as an Opportunity and a Challenge for the Energy Sector written by Łukasz Kryśkiewicz concerns the AI and energy sectors and in their chapter entitled Subsidy Competition in European Football: A Case of Poland, Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok analyse the importance of public subsidies for the development of football clubs, also at the semi-professional level. Furthermore, our analyses illustrate the changing nature of industrial policy, which has been adapted to a more complex structure of modern economies, reflecting technological progress as well as evolving social norms and introduction of new ideas within governmental structural and policy toolboxes. Anna Duszak in her chapter refers to the article by Aiginger and Rodrik, in which they point out to four main differences between traditional and modern industry policy. Firstly, in line with evolving economy structure in the most developed countries, the service sector has also a more prominent role, not only the manufacturing industry. Anna Duszak, Jacek Prokop, Łukasz Skrok This concerns both newer and more traditional business – Łukasz Kryśkiewicz discusses the importance of the AI sector, while the study done by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok refers to the sports sector. Secondly, governments tend to delegate production to the private sector rather than to the fully owned state companies. This aspect is reflected in chapters about private involvement in infrastructural projects by Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya, about public procurement by Marek Dietl and about subsidising sports by the local government units by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok. Thirdly, modern industrial policy tends to be more integrated into broader social and economic policies. We provide such examples in the analyses of patents made by Jacek Prokop and Marek Dietl – a key element of the traditional innovation policy, which illustrate potentially conflicting policy aims (supporting innovation and growth and protecting consumers and markets from monopolisation and cartelisation), as well as an analysis presented by Marian Moszoro and Gonzalo Araya of interaction between institutional characteristics of political system and resulting intensity of competition between political parties, and state capacity to conduct more complex projects. The work done by Jędrzej Lubasiński and Łukasz Skrok refers to promotion of sports activity. Lastly, modern industrial policy is often shifted towards supporting enhancements of resources and energy use as well as environmental and labour market goals. In line with these topics, Bartłomiej Wiśnicki and Marek Szyl investigate the empirical relation between gender diversity of board levels in companies and their financial performance in their chapter entitled Gender Diversity in the Company Management and its Financial Performance. Łukasz Kryśkiewicz discusses the interplay between AI and energetic efficiency of the economy. Anna Duszak also points out that one of the limitations of designing industry policies is the limited data availability that hinders possibilities of rigorous empirical evaluations. Indeed, at the state level, with the complexities of economic processes and structures, a relatively low number of comparable countries and impracticalities of conducting macroeconomic experiments, the identification problem is a crucial consideration. Therefore, as proved by the development of both experimentaland quasi-experimental in some contexts, local application of policies might provide a testing ground. While our analyses are more modest and do not employ tools allowing for causal inference in the context of potential reciprocal causality, we do provide examples of empirical analyses at the microeconomic level – companies (Wiśnicki and Szyl), projects (Moszoro and Araya) and local government units (Lubasiński and Skrok). In particular, in the latter case, spatial interaction between the scale of sports-supporting policies of nearby local governments is shown to have been significant. Indeed, as Kahn, and Chan, Savage and Torgler argued, sports industry can provide a laboratory for more general policies and economic theories. Nevertheless, empirical analyses by Moszoro, Lubasiński and Skrok, Wiśnicki and Szyl contained in this book further confirm that the complexity of the social and political context sometimes hinders clear identification of hypothesised impact of relatively straightforward measures (e.g. that of political worldview or partisan support as well as gender diversity) on economic outcomes. Finally, a common theme of the majority of chapters provided by us further emphasise a well-known – at least in economics – truth, that competition matters a lot. Intensity of market competition matters for assessment of patent policy (Prokop), while introduction of market competition as such might be socially inefficient (Dietl). Political competition matters for publicly overseen projects (Moszoro and Araya). Market structure, through the size of companies, matters for social dynamics of managerial framework in companies (Wiśnicki and Szyl). Spatial competition from neighbouring regions matters for effectiveness of local governments in supporting developing quality-of-life-enhancing industries (Lubasiński and Skrok).
(introduction)
INTRODUCTION
Anna Duszak, Jacek Prokop, Łukasz Skrok
OLD AND NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE WORLD
Anna Duszak
AI AND THE ENERGY DIMENSION: DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN OPPORTUNITY AND A CHALLENGE FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR
Łukasz Kryśkiewicz
POLITICAL COMPETITION AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN INFRASTRUCTURE
Marian W. Moszoro, Gonzalo Araya
GENDER DIVERSITY IN THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT AND ITS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Bartłomiej Wiśnicki, Marek Szyl
IMPACT OF PATENT RIGHTS ON INDUSTRY COMPETITION: AN OVERVIEW
Jacek Prokop
MARKETS AND COMPETITION DYNAMICS WITH IMPERFECT PATENT PROTECTION
Marek Dietl
SUBSIDY COMPETITION IN EUROPEAN FOOTBALL: A CASE OF POLAND
Jędrzej Lubasińki, Łukasz Skrok
List of Figures
List of Tables
